Which of the following best explains the flipping phenomenon observed here?
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The Intermediate Axis Theorem states that the rotation of an object about its first and third principal axes is stable, while rotation about its second principal axis is not. So when there are disturbances to the object, it causes the object to "flip". This can be shown through derivation from Euler's equations.
The other options: Intermediate Value Theorem --> this is math... unrelated to the phenomenon
Pauli Exclusion (no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state continuously) --> at a particle level
Conservation of Angular Momentum --> (If one part of the system is given an angular momentum in a given direction, then some other part or parts of the system must simultaneously be given exactly the same angular momentum in the opposite direction. The total angular momentum of a system free of external torque remains constant irrespective of transformations and interactions within the system.)