Let x ( t ) = a t 2 + b , y ( t ) = b t 3 + a .
There are two lines which are both tangent and normal to the above curve.
Find the angle λ (in degrees) made between the two lines above.
Express the result to five decimal places.
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109.471 degrees is the dihedral angle of a regular octahedron
Interesting connection
You gave me an idea for another problem:
Let n ≥ 4 be a positive integer and P n be a pyramid whose base is a regular n -gon.
Let θ be the angle of inclination (in degrees) made between the slant height and the base which minimizes the lateral surface area of the pyramid P n when the volume is held constant.
Find the angle θ and show the angle θ is independent of n .
Let x ( t ) = a t 2 + b , y ( t ) = c t 3 + d .
There are two lines which are both tangent and normal to the above curve.
Find the angle λ (in degrees) made between the two lines above.
Find: θ λ .
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Let x ( t ) = a t 2 + b , y ( t ) = b t 3 + a ⟹ d x d y ∣ ( t = t 1 ) = 2 a 3 b t 1 ⟹ the tangent line to the curve at ( x ( t 1 ) , y ( t 1 ) ) is: y − ( b t 1 3 + a ) = 2 a 3 b t 1 ( x − ( a t 1 2 + b ) )
Let the line be normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) ⟹ b ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( t 2 2 + t 1 t 2 + t 1 2 ) = 2 3 b t 1 ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( t 2 + t 1 ) ⟹ 2 b ( t 2 − t 1 ) ( 2 t 2 2 − t 1 t 2 − t 1 2 ) = 0 t 1 = t 2 ⟹ t 2 = − 2 t 1
Since the tangent is also normal to the curve at ( x ( t 2 ) , y ( t 2 ) ) ⟹ 4 a 2 9 b 2 t 1 t 2 = − 1 ⟹ 8 a 2 9 b 2 t 1 2 = 1 ⟹ t 1 = ± 3 b 2 2 a ⟹ the two slopes are ± 2 .
tan ( θ ) = 2 ⟹ θ = arctan ( 2 ) ≈ 5 4 . 7 3 5 6 1 ⟹ λ = 2 θ ≈ 1 0 9 . 4 7 1 2 2 .