一道简单的special relativity

Just as the saying goes "One day in heaven, one year on earth".Now let's suppose the existence of the "heaven" and suppose that the "heaven" is a intertial system which makes uniform linear motion relative to the ground.Please figure out velocity of the heaven (relative to the ground)

"c" represents the speed of the light

0.999996c 0.7c 0.999999997c 0.9c 0.9993c 0.99991c

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1 solution

Kirigaya Kazuto
Sep 23, 2018

M e t h o d 1 \large Method1

We choose the ground as system S S ,the heaven as system S S' .Suppose there are two events A and B in S S' and their coordinates are A ( x 1 0 , 0 , t 1 A(x_{1}'\,0,0,t_{1}' )and B ( x 2 0 , 0 , t 2 B(x_{2}'\,0,0,t_{2}' ) (t1' and t2' are the moment A and B happen).Considering that displacement and time influence each other in special relativity , we must choose the same place in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement,as a result of which we should ensure x 1 = x 2 x_{1}'\ =x_{2}' .Suppose that t 1 a n d t 2 t_{1}and t_{2} are the moment people in S S see A and B happen.Suppose velocity of the heaven is u .

Accroding to Lorentz transformation :

t = t + u c 2 x 1 u 2 c 2 \begin{aligned}t &=\frac{t'+\frac{u}{c^{2}}x'}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}} \end{aligned}

So t 2 t 1 = t 2 t 1 + u c 2 ( x 2 x 1 ) 1 u 2 c 2 = t 2 t 1 1 u 2 c 2 K n o w : t 2 t 1 = 365 d a y s t 2 t 1 = 1 d a y \begin{aligned} t2-t1&=\frac{t2'-t1'+\frac{u}{c^{2}}(x2'-x1')}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}} \\&=\frac{t2'-t1'}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}} \\& Know: t2-t1=365days,t2'-t1'=1day\end{aligned}

Just put in the statistics ,we can easily get the answer is u = 0.999996 c \boxed{u=0.999996c}

M e t h o d 2 \begin{aligned} \large Method2\ \end{aligned}

use time dilation effect directly

Δ t = Δ t 1 u 2 c 2 Δt=\frac{Δt'}{\sqrt{1-\frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}

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