Object A of mass 3 kg is travelling at 1 5 ms − 1 in the − y direction, while Object B of mass 4 kg is travelling at 1 0 ms − 1 in the − x direction. Find the speed of the centre of mass of the system.
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Let masses A and B both start from the origin such that at time t their respective positions are at: A ( 0 , − 1 5 t ) , B ( − 1 0 t , 0 ) . The center-of-mass for this dynamic system is computed per:
x ˉ = m A + m B m A x A + m B x B = 3 + 4 ( 3 ) ( 0 ) + ( 4 ) ( − 1 0 t ) = − 7 4 0 t .
y ˉ = m A + m B m A y A + m B y B = 3 + 4 ( 3 ) ( − 1 5 t ) + ( 4 ) ( 0 ) = − 7 4 5 t .
The resultant speed of the center-of-mass finally calculates to: ( ( x ˉ ′ ( t ) ) 2 + ( y ˉ ′ ( t ) ) 2 = ( − 4 0 / 7 ) 2 + ( − 4 5 / 7 ) 2 = 7 3 6 2 5 m/s.
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Consider the resultant momentum of the system. Since the two momenta are perpendicular, the magnitude of the resultant momentum is as follows, where m s and v s are the mass and speed of the system.
m s v s 7 v s ⟹ v s = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = ( 3 × 1 5 ) 2 + ( 4 × 1 0 ) 2 ≈ 8 . 6 0 1