Speed of centre of mass

Object A A of mass 3 kg 3\text{ kg} is travelling at 15 ms 1 15 \text{ ms}^{-1} in the y -y direction, while Object B B of mass 4 kg 4 \text{ kg} is travelling at 10 ms 1 10\text{ ms}^{-1} in the x -x direction. Find the speed of the centre of mass of the system.


The answer is 8.60.

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3 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Aug 30, 2019

Consider the resultant momentum of the system. Since the two momenta are perpendicular, the magnitude of the resultant momentum is as follows, where m s m_s and v s v_s are the mass and speed of the system.

m s v s = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 7 v s = ( 3 × 15 ) 2 + ( 4 × 10 ) 2 v s 8.601 \begin{aligned} m_sv_s & = \sqrt{m_1 v_1+m_2v_2} \\ 7v_s & = \sqrt{(3\times 15)^2 + (4 \times 10) ^2} \\ \implies v_s & \approx \boxed{8.601} \end{aligned}

Tom Engelsman
Apr 11, 2020

Let masses A and B both start from the origin such that at time t t their respective positions are at: A ( 0 , 15 t ) , B ( 10 t , 0 ) . A(0,-15t), B(-10t,0). The center-of-mass for this dynamic system is computed per:

x ˉ = m A x A + m B x B m A + m B = ( 3 ) ( 0 ) + ( 4 ) ( 10 t ) 3 + 4 = 40 t 7 . \bar{x} = \frac{m_{A}x_{A} + m_{B}x_{B}}{m_{A} + m_{B}} = \frac{(3)(0) + (4)(-10t)}{3+4} = -\frac{40t}{7}.

y ˉ = m A y A + m B y B m A + m B = ( 3 ) ( 15 t ) + ( 4 ) ( 0 ) 3 + 4 = 45 t 7 . \bar{y} = \frac{m_{A}y_{A} + m_{B}y_{B}}{m_{A} + m_{B}} = \frac{(3)(-15t) + (4)(0)}{3+4} = -\frac{45t}{7}.

The resultant speed of the center-of-mass finally calculates to: ( ( x ˉ ( t ) ) 2 + ( y ˉ ( t ) ) 2 = ( 40 / 7 ) 2 + ( 45 / 7 ) 2 = 3625 7 \sqrt{((\bar{x}'(t))^2 + (\bar{y}'(t))^2} = \sqrt{(-40/7)^2 + (-45/7)^2} = \boxed{\frac{\sqrt{3625}}{7}} m/s.

Steven Chase
Aug 29, 2019
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import math

mA = 3.0
mB = 4.0
M = mA + mB

vAx = 0.0
vAy = -15.0

vBx = -10.0
vBy = 0.0

vCx = (mA*vAx + mB*vBx)/M
vCy = (mA*vAy + mB*vBy)/M

vC = math.hypot(vCx,vCy)

print vC
#8.60113898485

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