The following four points lie on a sphere in the x y z coordinate system. Coordinates are approximated to three decimal places.
( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) | ( 5 . 0 0 0 , 8 . 7 3 2 , 1 5 . 0 0 0 ) |
( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) | ( 2 . 0 0 0 , 7 . 0 0 0 , 1 7 . 0 0 0 ) |
( x 3 , y 3 , z 3 ) | ( 3 . 7 3 2 , 4 . 0 0 0 , 1 5 . 0 0 0 ) |
( x 4 , y 4 , z 4 ) | ( 0 . 6 5 3 , 1 0 . 7 0 2 , 1 3 . 6 9 5 ) |
If the center of the sphere has coordinates ( h , k , m ) , determine h + k + m .
Details and Assumptions:
Round
h
,
k
, and
m
individually to the nearest integer before adding them.
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How did you solve the system? Did you subtract one equation from all the others to get rid of the squared terms?
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That is a feasible method and will leave us with a system of linear equations which one can solve easily.
We know that the distance from a point (x,y,z) to the center of the sphere(h,k,m) is given by ( x − h ) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 + ( z − m ) 2 .
The first thing that pops out of the problem are the numbers 8.732 and 3.732. We know that 3 = 1 . 7 3 2 . There is always a feeling that certain numbers are given in a problem to make the solution easier.
Assigning h = 2 and k = 7 makes the terms ( x 3 − h ) 2 and ( y 1 − k ) 2 equal to 3.
Now, since all points on a sphere are equidistant from the center of the sphere, we can choose to equate the distances from the points ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) with h = 2 and k = 7
( x 1 − h ) 2 + ( y 1 − k ) 2 + ( z 1 − m ) 2 = ( x 2 − h ) 2 + ( y 2 − k ) 2 + ( z 2 − m ) 2
( 5 − 2 ) 2 + ( 8 . 7 3 2 − 7 ) 2 + ( 1 5 − m ) 2 = ( 2 − 2 ) 2 + ( 7 − 7 ) 2 + ( 1 7 − m ) 2
9 + 3 + m 2 − 3 0 m + 2 2 5 = 0 + 0 + m 2 − 3 4 m + 2 8 9
Rearranging the terms, we get
4 m = 5 2 or m = 1 3
Therefore, h = 2 , k = 7 , m = 1 3 or h + k + m = 2 2 .
That's pretty clever. Although that hint was completely accidental on my part.
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The Cartesian equation of a sphere with centre ( h , k , l ) and radius r is given by: ( x − h ) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 + ( z − l ) 2 = r 2
Thus, we have: ⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ ( 5 − h ) 2 + ( 8 . 7 3 2 − k ) 2 + ( 1 5 − l ) 2 = r 2 ( 2 − h ) 2 + ( 7 − k ) 2 + ( 1 7 − l ) 2 = r 2 ( 3 . 7 3 2 − h ) 2 + ( 4 − k ) 2 + ( 1 5 − l ) 2 = r 2 ( 0 . 6 5 3 − h ) 2 + ( 1 0 . 7 0 2 − k ) 2 + ( 1 3 . 6 9 5 − l ) 2 = r 2
Solving, we obtain h ≈ 2 , k ≈ 7 , l ≈ 1 3 so the answer is 22.