Sphere Center From Four Points

Geometry Level 5

The following four points lie on a sphere in the x y z xyz coordinate system. Coordinates are approximated to three decimal places.

( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) (x_1,y_1,z_1) ( 5.000 , 8.732 , 15.000 ) (5.000,8.732,15.000)
( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) (x_2,y_2,z_2) ( 2.000 , 7.000 , 17.000 ) (2.000,7.000,17.000)
( x 3 , y 3 , z 3 ) (x_3,y_3,z_3) ( 3.732 , 4.000 , 15.000 ) (3.732,4.000,15.000)
( x 4 , y 4 , z 4 ) (x_4,y_4,z_4) ( 0.653 , 10.702 , 13.695 ) (0.653,10.702,13.695)

If the center of the sphere has coordinates ( h , k , m ) (h,k,m) , determine h + k + m h+k+m .

Details and Assumptions:
Round h h , k k , and m m individually to the nearest integer before adding them.


The answer is 22.

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3 solutions

The Cartesian equation of a sphere with centre ( h , k , l ) (h,k,l) and radius r r is given by: ( x h ) 2 + ( y k ) 2 + ( z l ) 2 = r 2 (x-h)^2+(y-k)^2+(z-l)^2=r^2

Thus, we have: { ( 5 h ) 2 + ( 8.732 k ) 2 + ( 15 l ) 2 = r 2 ( 2 h ) 2 + ( 7 k ) 2 + ( 17 l ) 2 = r 2 ( 3.732 h ) 2 + ( 4 k ) 2 + ( 15 l ) 2 = r 2 ( 0.653 h ) 2 + ( 10.702 k ) 2 + ( 13.695 l ) 2 = r 2 \begin{cases}(5-h)^2+(8.732-k)^2+(15-l)^2 = r^2\\(2-h)^2+(7-k)^2+(17-l)^2 = r^2\\(3.732-h)^2+(4-k)^2+(15-l)^2 = r^2\\(0.653-h)^2+(10.702-k)^2+(13.695-l)^2 = r^2\end{cases}

Solving, we obtain h 2 , k 7 , l 13 h\approx2,k\approx7,l\approx13 so the answer is 22.

How did you solve the system? Did you subtract one equation from all the others to get rid of the squared terms?

Steven Chase - 4 years, 9 months ago

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That is a feasible method and will leave us with a system of linear equations which one can solve easily.

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 9 months ago

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Is that what you did?

Steven Chase - 4 years, 9 months ago
Steven Chase
Sep 6, 2016

Vinay Somasundar
Sep 9, 2016

We know that the distance from a point (x,y,z) to the center of the sphere(h,k,m) is given by ( x h ) 2 + ( y k ) 2 + ( z m ) 2 \sqrt{(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 + (z-m)^2} .

The first thing that pops out of the problem are the numbers 8.732 and 3.732. We know that 3 = 1.732 \sqrt{3} = 1.732 . There is always a feeling that certain numbers are given in a problem to make the solution easier.

Assigning h = 2 and k = 7 makes the terms ( x 3 h ) 2 (x_3 - h)^2 and ( y 1 k ) 2 (y_1 - k)^2 equal to 3.

Now, since all points on a sphere are equidistant from the center of the sphere, we can choose to equate the distances from the points ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) (x_1, y_1, z_1) and ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) (x_2, y_2, z_2) with h = 2 h = 2 and k = 7 k = 7

( x 1 h ) 2 + ( y 1 k ) 2 + ( z 1 m ) 2 = ( x 2 h ) 2 + ( y 2 k ) 2 + ( z 2 m ) 2 (x_1 - h)^2 + (y_1 - k)^2 + (z_1 - m)^2 = (x_2 - h)^2 + (y_2 - k)^2 + (z_2 - m)^2

( 5 2 ) 2 + ( 8.732 7 ) 2 + ( 15 m ) 2 = ( 2 2 ) 2 + ( 7 7 ) 2 + ( 17 m ) 2 (5 - 2)^2 + (8.732 - 7)^2 + (15 - m)^2 = (2 - 2)^2 + (7 - 7)^2 + (17 - m)^2

9 + 3 + m 2 30 m + 225 = 0 + 0 + m 2 34 m + 289 9 + 3 + m^2 - 30m + 225 = 0 + 0 + m^2 - 34m + 289

Rearranging the terms, we get

4 m = 52 4m = 52 or m = 13 m = 13

Therefore, h = 2 , k = 7 , m = 13 \boxed{h = 2, k = 7, m = 13} or h + k + m = 22 \boxed{h+k+m = 22} .

That's pretty clever. Although that hint was completely accidental on my part.

Steven Chase - 4 years, 9 months ago

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