Spinning up a DVD

A DVD player can exert a torque on a DVD of 1 0 3 N m 10^{-3}~\mbox{N} \cdot \mbox{m} . What is the DVD’s angular acceleration in rad/s 2 \mbox{rad/s}^2 ?

Details and assumptions

  • The DVD has a mass of 0.015 kg 0.015~\mbox{kg} and a radius of 0.06 m 0.06~\mbox{m} .
  • A DVD can be modeled as a thin, uniform cylinder.


The answer is 37.037.

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25 solutions

Ahaan Rungta
Jul 28, 2013

We know that, if τ \tau is the Torque, I I is the Moment of Inertia, and α \alpha is the angular acceleration, we have τ = I α . \tau = I \alpha. This can easily be derived from Lagrangian Mechanics, just as F = m a F = ma is. We know that, for a thin uniform cylinder, the moment of inertia is I = 1 2 m r 2 , I = \dfrac {1}{2} mr^2, where m m is the mass and r r is the radius of rotation. So, we have: τ = 1 2 m r 2 α α = 2 τ m r 2 . \tau = \dfrac {1}{2} mr^2 \alpha \implies \alpha = \dfrac {2 \cdot \tau}{mr^2}. We now substitute:

τ = 1 0 3 N m \implies \tau = 10^{-3} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}

m = 0.015 kg \implies m = 0.015 \, \text{kg}

r = 0.06 m \implies r = 0.06 \, \text{m}

α = 37 rad/s 2 \implies \alpha = \boxed {37 \, \text{rad/s}^2} .

John Chaddock
Jul 29, 2013

Firstly, lets define some variables.

τ = \tau= the torque exerted on the DVD = 1 × 1 0 3 N × m =1\times10^{-3}N\times m

m = m= the mass of the DVD = 0.015 k g =0.015kg

r = r= the radius of the DVD = 0.06 m =0.06m

I = I= the moment of inertia of the DVD about it's axis of rotation.

ω = \omega= the angular velocity of the DVD about it's axis of rotation.

L = L= the angular momentum of the DVD about it's axis of rotation = I ω =I\omega .

α = \alpha= the angular acceleration of the DVD about it's axis of rotation = d ω d t =\frac{d\omega}{dt} .

According to wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of moments of inertia), I = 1 2 m r 2 = 1 2 × 0.015 × 0.0 6 2 = 0.000027 k g m 2 I=\frac{1}{2}mr^2=\frac{1}{2} \times 0.015 \times 0.06^2=0.000027kg \cdot m^2

Because τ = d L d t = d ( I ω ) d t \tau=\frac{dL}{dt}=\frac{d(I\omega)}{dt} , and that I I is constant as time progresses,

τ = I d ω d t = I α \tau=I\frac{d\omega}{dt}=I\alpha

This means that α \alpha , the value to be determined is:

α = τ I = 1 × 1 0 3 0.000027 = 1000 27 = 37.0 r a d s 2 \alpha=\frac{\tau}{I}=\frac{1\times 10^{-3}}{0.000027}=\frac{1000}{27}=37.0rad\cdot s^{-2} to three significant figures.

Can I also add that there is an error in the question. The units of torque on the first line should not be dot producted together, but cross producted. This is because force, displacement and torque are all vector quantities, and 'dotting' two vector quantities will not result in another vector quantity, but a scalar quantity.

John Chaddock - 7 years, 10 months ago

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Good point. In America, however, we usually just ignore that and write it as a multiplication, rather than interpret them as vectors. But you do have a point there.

Ahaan Rungta - 7 years, 10 months ago

That logic doesn't apply to units. That's only for vector quantities. For example, for a charged particle in a magnetic field, F = q ( v × B ) \vec{F} = q(\vec{v}\times\vec{B}) but the units behave as if they are multiplied ("dot producted" together). Specifically, observe that N = C ( m s 1 ) ( N A 1 m 1 ) \mathrm{N} = \mathrm{C} \cdot \left(\mathrm{m \cdot s^{-1}}\right)\cdot \left(\mathrm{N\cdot A^{-1} \cdot m^{-1}} \right)

This makes sense because, for two vectors a \vec{a} and b \vec{b} , a × b = a b sin θ n ^ \vec{a}\times\vec{b} = ab\sin\theta\ \hat{n} where θ \theta is the angle between the two vectors. Specifically, we can see that the two scalars ( a a and b b , the magnitudes of the vectors) are being multiplied normally. The thing that makes the cross product different from the dot product is the n ^ \hat{n} term, which serves no other purpose other than making the whole thing a vector.

So no, it does not make sense to "cross product" the units. Or do you think that the units of force should be N \vec{\mathrm{N}} instead of just normal Newtons, because force is a vector?

Tirthankar Mazumder - 1 year ago
Duc Minh Phan
Jul 28, 2013

We have τ = I α \tau = I\alpha , where τ \tau is the torque, I I is the moment of inertia and α \alpha is the angular acceleration. On the other hand, I = 1 2 m r 2 I = \frac{1}{2}mr^2 (since the DVD can be modeled as a thin, uniform cylinder). Therefore, we have α = τ I = 2 τ m r 2 = 2 1 0 3 0.015 0.0 6 2 = 1000 27 37.037. \alpha = \frac{\tau}{I} = \frac{2\tau}{mr^2} = \frac{2 \cdot 10^{-3}}{0.015 \cdot 0.06^2} = \frac{1000}{27} \approx 37.037.

Catalin Gangalic
Aug 2, 2013

Torque=MomentumOfInertia*AngularAcceleration, then Let the momentum of inertia be "m", torque "t" and angular acceleration " θ \theta " => m = 1 / 2 0.015 ( 0.06 ) 2 m=1/2*0.015*(0.06)^2 => θ = m / t \theta=m/t => θ = 37.037 \theta=37.037

Mahi Haque
Aug 1, 2013

We know that radius of gyration,* I = 1/2 Mr^2* where M = 0.015 kg r= 0.06 m So , I = 2.7E-5 We know that Angular accelaration = torque/ I =10^-3/2.7^-5 =37.037 rad / s^2

Armin Namavari
Aug 1, 2013

Using τ = I α \tau = I \alpha and I d i s k = 1 2 m r 2 I_{disk} = \dfrac{1}{2} m r^2 , we obtain the equation 1 2 ( 0.015 ) ( 0.06 ) 2 α = 1 0 3 \dfrac{1}{2} (0.015)(0.06)^2 \alpha = 10^{-3} Solving for α \alpha , we obtain 37.037 r a d s 2 37.037\dfrac{rad}{s^2} , our final answer.

Jian Feng Gao
Jul 31, 2013

Torque=moment of inertia x angular acceleration

torque=0.001

moment of inertia of a uniform cylinder=1/2(mass)(radius)^2 =0.000027

Therefore, Angular acceleration=0.001/0.000027 =37.037

Jordan Osborn
Jul 31, 2013

τ = I α \tau = I\alpha α = τ I \alpha = \frac {\tau} {I} I = 1 2 m r 2 I = \frac {1} {2} m r^{2} α = 2 τ m r 2 \alpha = \frac {2 \tau} {m r^{2}} α = 2 × 1 0 3 N m 0.015 k g ( 0.06 m ) 2 \alpha = \frac {2 \times 10^{-3} N \cdot m} {0.015 kg (0.06 m)^{2}} α = 37.04 r a d s 2 \alpha = 37.04 rad \cdot s^{-2}

Debjit Mandal
Jul 31, 2013

Given the torque you have τ = I a.Due to the fact that you have a thin uniform cylinder I = 1/2 * m * R^2,where R = 0.06m and m = 0.015 kg.So we replace these values in the torque's formula and thus we have: τ = 1/2 * 0.015kg *((0.06)^2)m^2 * a (rad/sec^2) => τ = 0.5 0.015 0.0036 a => 0.01 = 27 10^(-6) *a => 10^3/27 = a => a = 0.037 1000 =>a~= 37 rad/sec^2

Francisco Rivera
Jul 31, 2013

We know that τ = I α \tau = I\alpha Since we are modeling the DVD as a thin, uniform cylinder, we know the moment of inertia and get τ = m r 2 2 α \tau = \frac{mr^2}{2} \alpha 1 0 3 = ( 0.015 ) ( 0.06 ) 2 2 α 10^{-3} = \frac{(0.015)(0.06)^2}{2} \alpha

Solving for α \alpha , we get α 37.037 \alpha \approx \boxed{37.037}

Given the torque you have τ = I a.Due to the fact that you have a thin uniform cylinder I = 1/2 * m * R^2,where R = 0.06m and m = 0.015 kg.So we replace these values in the torque's formula and thus we have: τ = 1/2 * 0.015kg *((0.06)^2)m^2 * a (rad/sec^2) => τ = 0.5 0.015 0.0036 a => 0.01 = 27 10^(-6) *a => 10^3/27 = a => a = 0.037 1000 =>a~= 37 rad/sec^2"

FanPu Zeng
Jul 31, 2013

Angular acceleration = torque/mass moment of inertia

Mass moment inertia of a cylinder I = 1/2 MR^2

Hence I = 2.7 x 10^-5

τ/I = 10^-3 / (2.7 x 10^-5) = 37.037

Jiunn Shan Tan
Jul 31, 2013

T = I@

T = ( 0.5mr^2 ) x @

1E-3 = 0.5 x 0.015 x 0.06 x 0.06 x @

@ = 37.0370

Rokibul Roky
Jul 31, 2013

Here, I=mr^2/2 & Torque = Iw. So, w=37.037

Prem Singh
Jul 30, 2013

MR^2%2*a=torque so a=37.037

Rifat Khan
Jul 29, 2013

We know τ=I∝ ∝=τ/I Where I=1/2 Mr^2 ∴ ∝=τ/(1/2 Mr^2 )=2τ/(Mr^2 ) Given M=0.015kg , r=0.06m and τ=〖10〗^(-3) N ∴ ∝=37.03

First, calculate the moment of inertia for a cylindrical body by formula; I=(mr^2)/2, using m=0.015, r=0.06 I=2.7E-5 Now, we know that torque=Ixa (where a is angular acceleration) we are given that torque is 1E-3, and we have calculated the moment of inertia, so by rearranging the equation and solving for a we have a=37.037.

Eric Edwards
Jul 29, 2013

The moment of inertia of a thin, uniform cylinder of mass m m and radius r r is I = 1 2 m r 2 . I = \frac{1}{2}mr^2. Let τ \tau be the torque and let α \alpha denote the angular acceleration. Then since τ = I α \tau = I\alpha , we have α = 1 0 3 ( . 5 ) ( . 015 ) ( . 06 ) 2 = 37.037 \alpha = \frac{10^{-3}}{(.5)(.015)(.06)^2} = 37.037 .

Krishna Jha
Jul 29, 2013

For a solid cylinder, the moment of inertia, I = m r 2 2 I=\frac{mr^{2}}{2} Where m m is the mass of the rigid body And from rotational mechanics we have the torque τ = I α \tau=I\alpha {also called torque equation} Where τ \tau is the torque and α \alpha is the angular aceelaration. So for this case, τ = m r 2 α 2 \tau=\frac{mr^{2} \alpha}{2} . α = 2 τ m r 2 \Rightarrow \alpha=\frac{2\tau}{mr^{2}} Plugging in the numbers, we have α = 1000 27 = 37.037 \alpha=\frac{1000}{27}=\boxed{37.037}

Maedhros 777
Jul 29, 2013

Since the DVD may be modeled as a thin, uniform cylinder, its moment of inertia is m r 2 / 2 = ( 0.015 ) ( 0.06 ) 2 / 2 = 2.7 1 0 5 k g m 2 mr^{2}/2 = (0.015)(0.06)^{2} / 2 = 2.7*10^{-5} kg*m^{2} .

Now τ = I α \tau = I\alpha , so α = τ / I = 1 0 3 / ( 2.7 1 0 5 ) = 37.037 r a d / s 2 \alpha = \tau / I = 10^{-3} / (2.7*10^{-5}) = 37.037 rad/s^{2} .

Torque τ = I × α \tau = I \times \alpha , I I being moment of inertia of DVD (thin cylinder) I = 1 2 m r 2 I = \frac{1}{2} m r^2 , & α \alpha being angular acceleration. Substitute values to get answer.

Rahul Dandwate
Jul 28, 2013

As, Torque(T)=Moment of Inertia(I).Angular Acceleration(A) ........(1)

Since, 'I' of a disc=(1/2)Mass of disc.(square of radius)

As, mass of disc=.015 kg

and radius of disc=0.06 m

Then, moment of inertia of DVD (i.e. a disc)=0.000027 kg.m^{2} And torque is given = 10^{-3} N.m

Hence, putting these values in equation (1) we get:

A=37.037 rad/{s}^2

Reno Yonita
Jul 28, 2013

Torque = Inertia x angular acceleration

10^-3 N m = 1/2 0.015Kg (0.06m)^2 x angular acceleration

angular acceleration = 37.037 rad/s^2

Andrias Meisyal
Jul 28, 2013

The angular accelaration is α \alpha , τ I \frac{\tau}{I} , the I I is the moment inertia of the model. In this problem, the model is DVD, that can be modeled as a thin, uniform cylinder. You can look at this , I I = 1 2 m R 2 \frac{1}{2}mR^{2} , m m is the mass of model and R R is the radius.

So, you will get the angular acceleartion by finding first the moment inertia of model.

Muralidhar Kamidi
Jul 28, 2013

α = τ I = τ m r 2 2 \alpha = \frac {\tau}{I} = \frac {\tau}{\frac {m r^2}{2}}

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