Spiral doodle

Calculus Level 5

The two Archimedean spirals below, are, in fact, different sections of the same spiral. On the left is plotted (in polar coordinates) r = θ r=\theta for 0 θ 6 π 0 \le \theta \le 6\pi and on the right r = θ r=\theta for 6 π θ 0 -6\pi \le \theta \le 0 :

If we plot these on the same graph, the two parts of the spiral intersect each other. We can colour them in as below:

The area of the blue region can be written in the form a b π c \frac{a}{b} \pi^c , where a , b , c a,b,c are positive integers and a a and b b are coprime.

Please enter a + b + c a+b+c as your answer.


The answer is 388.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Aug 18, 2020

Slip the blue region into three rings A 1 A_1 , A 2 A_2 , and A 3 A_3 as shown. As the areas are symmetrical about the y y -axis, we need only to consider the positive side of x x -axis then multiplied by 2 2 . We note that:

A 1 = 2 ( π 2 3 π 2 r 2 2 d θ 0 π 2 r 2 2 d θ ) = π 2 3 π 2 θ 2 d θ 0 π 2 θ 2 d θ = θ 3 3 π 2 3 π 2 θ 3 3 0 π 2 = 27 24 π 3 1 24 π 3 1 24 π 3 0 = 25 24 π 3 \begin{aligned} A_1 & = 2 \left(\int_\frac \pi 2^{\frac {3\pi}2} \frac {r^2}2 d\theta - \int_0^\frac \pi 2 \frac {r^2}2 d \theta \right) = \int_\frac \pi 2^{\frac {3\pi}2} \theta^2 \ d\theta - \int_0^\frac \pi 2 \theta^2 \ d \theta \\ & = \frac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|_\frac \pi 2^\frac {3\pi}2 - \frac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|_0^\frac \pi 2 = \frac {27}{24} \pi^3 - \frac 1{24} \pi^3 -\frac 1{24} \pi^3 - 0 = \frac {25}{24} \pi^3 \end{aligned}

Similarly, A 2 = θ 3 3 5 π 2 7 π 2 θ 3 3 3 π 2 5 π 2 = 120 24 π 3 A_2 = \dfrac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|_\frac {5\pi}2^\frac {7\pi}2 - \dfrac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|_\frac {3\pi}2^\frac {5\pi}2 = \frac {120}{24} \pi^3 and A 3 = θ 3 3 9 π 2 11 π 2 θ 3 3 7 π 2 9 π 2 = 216 24 π 3 A_3 = \dfrac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|^\frac {11\pi}2_\frac {9\pi}2 - \dfrac {\theta^3}3 \ \bigg|^\frac {9\pi}2_\frac {7\pi}2 = \frac {216}{24} \pi^3 .

Therefore, A 1 + A 2 + A 3 = 25 + 120 + 216 24 π 3 = 361 24 π 3 A_1+A_2+A_3 = \dfrac {25+120+216}{24} \pi^3 = \dfrac {361}{24}\pi^3 a + b + c = 361 + 24 + 3 = 388 \implies a+b+c = 361 + 24 + 3 = \boxed{388} .

Great job.

Matthew Feig - 9 months, 3 weeks ago

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Thanks Matthew, I have corrected them.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 9 months, 3 weeks ago
David Vreken
Aug 17, 2020

The area of the central white region is W 1 = 2 1 2 0 π 2 θ 2 d θ = 1 24 π 3 W_1 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta = \frac{1}{24}\pi^3 .

The area of the central blue region is B 1 = 2 1 2 π 2 3 π 2 θ 2 d θ W 1 = 26 24 π 3 1 24 π 3 = 25 24 π 3 B_1 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{3\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta - W_1 = \frac{26}{24}\pi^3 - \frac{1}{24}\pi^3 = \frac{25}{24}\pi^3 .

The area of the next white region W 2 W_2 with B 1 B_1 and W 1 W_1 is B 1 + W 1 + W 2 = 2 1 2 3 π 2 5 π 2 θ 2 d θ = 98 24 π 3 B_1 + W_1 + W_2 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{\frac{3\pi}{2}}^{\frac{5\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta = \frac{98}{24}\pi^3 .

The area of the next blue region is B 2 = 2 1 2 7 π 2 5 π 2 θ 2 d θ ( B 1 + W 1 + W 2 ) = 218 24 π 3 98 24 π 3 = 120 24 π 3 B_2 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{\frac{7\pi}{2}}^{\frac{5\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta - (B_1 + W_1 + W_2) = \frac{218}{24}\pi^3 - \frac{98}{24}\pi^3 = \frac{120}{24}\pi^3 .

The area of the third white region W 3 W_3 with B 1 B_1 , B 2 B_2 , W 1 W_1 , and W 2 W_2 is B 1 + B 2 + W 1 + W 2 + W 3 = 2 1 2 7 π 2 9 π 2 θ 2 d θ = 386 24 π 3 B_1 + B_2 + W_1 + W_2 + W_3 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{\frac{7\pi}{2}}^{\frac{9\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta = \frac{386}{24}\pi^3 .

The area of the third blue region is B 3 = 2 1 2 9 π 2 11 π 2 θ 2 d θ ( B 1 + B 2 + W 1 + W 2 + W 3 ) = 602 24 π 3 386 24 π 3 = 216 24 π 3 B_3 = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \int_{\frac{9\pi}{2}}^{\frac{11\pi}{2}} \theta^2 d\theta - (B_1 + B_2 + W_1 + W_2 + W_3) = \frac{602}{24}\pi^3 - \frac{386}{24}\pi^3 = \frac{216}{24}\pi^3 .

The total area of the blue regions is therefore B = B 1 + B 2 + B 3 = 25 24 π 3 + 120 24 π 3 + 216 24 π 3 = 361 24 π 3 B = B_1 + B_2 + B_3 = \frac{25}{24}\pi^3 + \frac{120}{24}\pi^3 + \frac{216}{24}\pi^3 = \frac{361}{24}\pi^3 , so a = 361 a = 361 , b = 24 b = 24 , c = 3 c = 3 , and a + b + c = 388 a + b + c = \boxed{388} .

Thanks for writing up your solution - very nice! Down to the notation ( B i B_i etc) this is what I would have posted, so I won't write a solution up here. (The only difference would be taking the factor 1 24 π 3 \frac{1}{24} \pi^3 out early on just to write less LaTeX!)

They're not significant ones, but you've a typo in the very last line (somehow 321 321 has come in instead of 361 361 ) and in the integral limits for B 2 B_2 .

Chris Lewis - 9 months, 4 weeks ago

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I fixed the typo, thanks! Great problem!

David Vreken - 9 months, 4 weeks ago

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