Spring Compressed on Parabola (Part 2)

Two 1 kg \SI{1}{\kilo\gram} beads are at the ends of a spring located on a smooth parabolic wire ( y = x 2 ) . \big(y = x^2\big). The spring has a natural length of 1 m \SI{1}{\meter} and a force constant of 5 N / m . \SI[per-mode=symbol]{5}{\newton\per\meter}.

The masses are initially held at rest at ( x = ± 1 12 m ) (x = \pm \frac{1}{12} \, \text{m}) . They are then released at time t = 0 t = 0 .

At what time does the mass / spring system return to its starting location?

Note: The spring is horizontal and gravity is 10 m / s 2 \SI[per-mode=symbol]{10}{\meter\per\second\squared} in the y -y direction.


The answer is 1.215.

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1 solution

Steven Chase
May 15, 2018

Spatial coordinates and time derivatives:

x = x y = x 2 x ˙ = x ˙ y ˙ = 2 x x ˙ x = x \\ y = x^2 \\ \dot{x} = \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} = 2 x \dot{x}

Kinetic energy (for two masses):

E = 2 1 2 m v 2 = m ( x ˙ 2 + 4 x 2 x ˙ 2 ) = m x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) E = 2 \frac{1}{2} m v^2 = m (\dot{x}^2 + 4 x^2 \dot{x}^2) = m \dot{x}^2 (1 + 4 x^2)

Spring potential energy:

U S = 1 2 k ( 2 x 0 ) 2 U_S = \frac{1}{2} k (2x - \ell_0)^2

Gravitational potential energy:

U G = 2 m g x 2 U_G = 2 \,m g \, x^2

Lagrangian:

L = E U S U G = m x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) 1 2 k ( 2 x 0 ) 2 2 m g x 2 L = E - U_S - U_G = m \dot{x}^2 (1 + 4 x^2) - \frac{1}{2} k (2x - \ell_0)^2 - 2 \,m g \, x^2

Equation of motion:

d d t L x ˙ = L x \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial{L}}{\partial{\dot{x}}} = \frac{\partial{L}}{\partial{x}}

Evaluation:

L x ˙ = 2 m x ˙ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) d d t L x ˙ = 2 m [ 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) ] L x = 8 m x x ˙ 2 2 k ( 2 x 0 ) 4 m g x \frac{\partial{L}}{\partial{\dot{x}}} = 2 m \dot{x} (1 + 4 x^2) \\ \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial{L}}{\partial{\dot{x}}} = 2m \Big [ 8 x \dot{x}^2 + \ddot{x} (1 + 4 x^2) \Big ] \\ \frac{\partial{L}}{\partial{x}} = 8 m x \dot{x}^2 - 2 k (2x - \ell_0) - 4 \,m g \, x

Left / right equivalence:

2 m [ 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) ] = 8 m x x ˙ 2 2 k ( 2 x 0 ) 4 m g x 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) = 4 x x ˙ 2 k m ( 2 x 0 ) 2 g x x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) = 4 x x ˙ 2 k m ( 2 x 0 ) 2 g x 2m \Big [ 8 x \dot{x}^2 + \ddot{x} (1 + 4 x^2) \Big ] = 8 m x \dot{x}^2 - 2 k (2x - \ell_0) - 4 \,m g \, x \\ 8 x \dot{x}^2 + \ddot{x} (1 + 4 x^2) = 4 x \dot{x}^2 - \frac{k}{m} (2x - \ell_0) - 2 g \, x \\ \ddot{x} (1 + 4 x^2) = -4 x \dot{x}^2 - \frac{k}{m} (2x - \ell_0) - 2 g \, x

Second derivative of x:

x ¨ = 4 x x ˙ 2 k m ( 2 x 0 ) 2 g x 1 + 4 x 2 \ddot{x} = \frac{-4 x \dot{x}^2 - \frac{k}{m} (2x - \ell_0) - 2 g \, x}{1 + 4 x^2}

Numerical integration, starting from appropriate initial conditions, yields a return time of t 1.215 t \approx 1.215

@Steven Chase ,please tell me how you make this beautiful photos for every question or from where you get this photos??

Anand Badgujar - 3 years ago

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Hello. I generally make pictures using a combination of Python, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft Paint. These are generally OK, but not stellar, so the Brilliant staff's graphics wizards enhance my graphics if they are particularly interested in one of my problems. The graphic you see here has been enhanced in this way.

Steven Chase - 3 years ago

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@Steven Chase ,please tell me this question is correct or not, https://brilliant.org/problems/find-angular-velocity-omega/

Anand Badgujar - 3 years ago

@Steven Chase thanks

Anand Badgujar - 3 years ago

What?????? You have another alternate account????

Krishna Karthik - 9 months, 3 weeks ago

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