Two beads are at the ends of a spring located on a smooth parabolic wire The spring has a natural length of and a force constant of
The masses are initially held at rest at . They are then released at time .
At what time does the mass / spring system return to its starting location?
Note: The spring is horizontal and gravity is in the direction.
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Spatial coordinates and time derivatives:
x = x y = x 2 x ˙ = x ˙ y ˙ = 2 x x ˙
Kinetic energy (for two masses):
E = 2 2 1 m v 2 = m ( x ˙ 2 + 4 x 2 x ˙ 2 ) = m x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 4 x 2 )
Spring potential energy:
U S = 2 1 k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) 2
Gravitational potential energy:
U G = 2 m g x 2
Lagrangian:
L = E − U S − U G = m x ˙ 2 ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) − 2 1 k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) 2 − 2 m g x 2
Equation of motion:
d t d ∂ x ˙ ∂ L = ∂ x ∂ L
Evaluation:
∂ x ˙ ∂ L = 2 m x ˙ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) d t d ∂ x ˙ ∂ L = 2 m [ 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) ] ∂ x ∂ L = 8 m x x ˙ 2 − 2 k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) − 4 m g x
Left / right equivalence:
2 m [ 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) ] = 8 m x x ˙ 2 − 2 k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) − 4 m g x 8 x x ˙ 2 + x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) = 4 x x ˙ 2 − m k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) − 2 g x x ¨ ( 1 + 4 x 2 ) = − 4 x x ˙ 2 − m k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) − 2 g x
Second derivative of x:
x ¨ = 1 + 4 x 2 − 4 x x ˙ 2 − m k ( 2 x − ℓ 0 ) − 2 g x
Numerical integration, starting from appropriate initial conditions, yields a return time of t ≈ 1 . 2 1 5