For − 1 = i , Evaluate i .
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To answer this problem, we will use de Moivre's formula n-th roots. Given any nonzero complex numbers written in polar form z = ∣ z ∣ cos θ + i sin θ then applicable n z = n ∣ z ∣ cos n θ + 2 k π + i sin n θ + 2 k π . for k = 0 , 1 , 2 , ⋯ , n − 1 . Let in polar form: i = cos 2 π + i sin 2 π enter into the formula above, is obtained i = cos 2 2 1 + 2 k π + i sin 2 2 1 + 2 k π N o t e : n = 2 a n d θ = 2 1 for k=0, is obtained: i = cos 4 π + i sin 4 π ≈ 0 , 7 0 7 1 + 0 , 7 0 7 1 i meanwhile for k=1: i = cos 4 5 π + i sin 4 5 π ≈ − 0 , 7 0 7 1 − 0 , 7 0 7 1 i
∴ i = cos 4 π + i sin 4 π a n d i = cos 4 5 π + i sin 4 5 π
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i = e ( i 2 π ) = e ( i 2 5 π ) i = i 2 1 = e ( i 4 π ) = e ( i 4 5 π )
→ i = e ( i 4 π ) = ( cos ( 4 π ) + i s i n ( 4 π ) ) = e ( i 4 5 π ) = ( cos ( 4 5 π ) + i s i n ( 4 5 π ) )