Square Center from Four Points

Geometry Level 4

The following four points lie on a square in the x y xy plane (coordinates are approximate):

P 1 = ( x 1 , y 1 ) = ( 3.688500 , 10.843089 ) P 2 = ( x 2 , y 2 ) = ( 3.003352 , 3.275453 ) P 3 = ( x 3 , y 3 ) = ( 1.611086 , 2.130203 ) P 4 = ( x 4 , y 4 ) = ( 8.137877 , 4.647684 ) \vec{P_1} = (x_1,y_1) = (3.688500, 10.843089) \\ \vec{P_2} = (x_2,y_2) = (-3.003352, 3.275453) \\ \vec{P_3} = (x_3,y_3) = (-1.611086, 2.130203) \\ \vec{P_4} = (x_4,y_4) = (8.137877, 4.647684)

Determine the y y -coordinate of the square's center.

Some additional information:
1) The x x -coordinate of the square's center is 3.2 3.2
2) The square's side length is 10 10
3) The square's sides are not necessarily parallel to the x x and y y axes
4) The four points are not necessarily at the midpoints of the square's sides
5) Each of the four points lies on a different side of the square


The answer is 5.7.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Dec 24, 2017

Let us assume that the four points each lie on a different side of the square. The edges of the square will then be parallel to the unit vectors u = ( cos θ sin θ ) v = ( sin θ cos θ ) \mathbf{u} = \binom{\cos\theta}{\sin\theta} \hspace{2cm} \mathbf{v} = \binom{-\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} for some θ \theta . We then determine the value of θ \theta by requiring that ( P 1 P 3 ) u = ( P 2 P 4 ) v = 10 \big(\overrightarrow{P_1} - \overrightarrow{P_3}\big)\cdot \mathbf{u} \;= \; \big(\overrightarrow{P_2} - \overrightarrow{P_4}\big)\cdot \mathbf{v} \;= \; 10

and we deduce after numerical work that θ = 1.221730 \theta = 1.221730 . We can then determine the centre of the square by requiring that [ ( 3.2 y ) P 3 ] u = 5 \left[\binom{3.2}{y} - \overrightarrow{P_3}\right]\cdot \mathbf{u} \; = \; 5 and this tells us that y = 5.699999 y = 5.699999 . Thus we can say that the coordinates of the centre of the square are ( 3.2 , 5.7 ) \boxed{(3.2,5.7)} . It is easy to draw the square so defined, and see we have the answer.

I have added an additional assumption about the points each being on different sides. Thanks for pointing that out

Steven Chase - 3 years, 5 months ago

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I first tried having P 2 P_2 and P 3 P_3 on the same side. Then P 1 P_1 is on the opposite side of a square of side very nearly equal to 10 10 (about 10.056 10.056 , I recall), but the point P 4 P_4 is nowhere near that square.

Mark Hennings - 3 years, 5 months ago

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