If 1 0 9 can be represented as i = a ∑ b i 2 1 , what is b − a ?
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S = d e f i = a ∑ b i 2 1 = i = 1 ∑ b i 2 1 − i = 1 ∑ a − 1 i 2 1 = ( i = 1 ∑ b i 2 1 ) + ( − i = 1 ∑ a − 1 i 2 1 ) = d e f α + β
Let's look at α and β individualy.
α = i = 1 ∑ b i 2 1 < i = 1 ∑ ∞ i 2 1 = 6 π 2 ≈ 1 . 6 4
To work with β , let's make the assumption a ≥ 2 . We will check the case a = 1 later.
β = − i = 1 ∑ a − 1 i 2 1 ≤ − i = 1 ∑ 1 i 2 1 = − 1
If we now combine α < 6 π 2 with β ≤ − 1 and plug it into S = α − β , we get
S = α + β < 6 π 2 + ( − 1 ) = 6 π 2 − 1 ≈ 0 . 6 4 < 1 0 9
So, no matter how large b is, for a ≥ 2 , the sum will always be too small.
Now, if a = 1
S b = d e f i = a = 1 ∑ b i 2 1
S 1 = 1 2 1 = 1 > 1 0 9
S b ≥ 2 > S 1 > 1 0 9
Now we have covered all cases. a is a positive integer, so it is either 1 or greater than or equal to 2 and in both cases the choice of b can't make the sum equal to 1 0 9 .
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For a = 1 the sum will be ≥ 1 , and for a ≥ 2 the sum will be < ∑ i = 2 ∞ i 2 1 = 6 π 2 − 1 < 0 . 9 . No such expression exists