Square Logs

Calculus Level 4

If the derivative of G ( x ) G(x) is ( x ln x ) 2 (x \ln x)^2 , and G ( e ) = 5 e 3 27 1 G(e) = \dfrac{5e^3}{27} - 1 , find the value of G ( 13 ) G(13) .

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

Clarification : e e denotes Euler's number , e 2.71828 e \approx 2.71828 .


The answer is 3727.47.

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2 solutions

G ( x ) = ( x ln x ) 2 d x By integration by parts: u = ln 2 x , d v = x 2 d x = x 3 ln 2 x 3 x 3 2 ln x 3 x d x By integration by parts again: u = ln x , d v = x 2 d x = x 3 ln 2 x 3 2 x 3 ln x 9 + 2 9 x 3 x d x = x 3 ln 2 x 3 2 x 3 ln x 9 + 2 x 3 27 + c c = constant = x 3 27 ( 9 ln 2 x 6 ln x + 2 ) + c G ( e ) = e 3 27 ( 9 6 + 2 ) + c 5 e 3 27 1 = 5 e 3 27 + c c = 1 G ( x ) = x 3 27 ( 9 ln 2 x 6 ln x + 2 ) 1 G ( 13 ) 3727.47 \begin{aligned} G(x) & = \int (x \ln x)^2 \, dx \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{By integration by parts: } u = \ln^2 x, \, dv = x^2 dx} \\ & = \frac{x^3 \ln^2 x}{3} - \int \frac{x^3\cdot 2\ln x}{3x} \, dx \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{By integration by parts again: } u = \ln x, \, dv = x^2 dx} \\ & = \frac{x^3 \ln^2 x}{3} - \frac{2 x^3 \ln x}{9} + \frac{2}{9} \int \frac{x^3}{x} \, dx \\ & = \frac{x^3 \ln^2 x}{3} - \frac{2 x^3 \ln x}{9} + \frac{2x^3}{27} + \color{#3D99F6}{c} \quad \quad \small \color{#3D99F6}{c = \text{constant}} \\ & = \frac{x^3}{27} (9 \ln^2 x - 6 \ln x + 2) + c \\ \implies G(e) & = \frac{e^3}{27} (9 - 6 + 2) + c \\ \frac{5e^3}{27} - 1 & = \frac{5e^3}{27} + c \\ \implies c & = -1 \\ \implies G(x) & = \frac{x^3}{27} (9 \ln^2 x - 6 \ln x + 2) - 1 \\ G(13) & \approx \boxed{3727.47} \end{aligned}

Brandon Stocks
May 4, 2016

You can solve by using integration by parts twice

u d w = u w w d u \int u \, dw =uw - \int w \, du

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G ( x ) = x 2 l n ( x ) 2 d x G(x) = \int x^{2} \cdot ln(x)^{2}\,dx \; make the substitutions

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u = l n ( x ) 2 , d u = 2 x 1 l n ( x ) d x u = ln(x)^{2}, \; du = 2x^{-1} \cdot ln(x) \, dx

d w = x 2 d x , w = x 3 / 3 dw = x^{2} \, dx, \; w = x^{3}/3

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G ( x ) = x 2 l n ( x ) 2 d x = x 3 3 l n ( x ) 2 2 3 x 2 l n ( x ) d x G(x) = \int x^{2} \cdot ln(x)^{2}\,dx = \frac{x^{3}}{3}ln(x)^{2} - \frac{2}{3} \int x^{2} \cdot ln(x) \, dx

Now to use integration by parts the second time. u(x) will be redefined

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u = l n ( x ) , d u = x 1 d x u = ln(x), \; du = x^{-1} \, dx

d w = x 2 d x , w = x 3 / 3 dw = x^{2} \, dx, \; w = x^{3}/3

.

x 2 l n ( x ) d x = x 3 3 l n ( x ) 1 3 x 2 d x = x 3 3 l n ( x ) x 3 / 9 + C \int x^{2} \cdot ln(x) \, dx = \frac{x^{3}}{3}ln(x) - \frac{1}{3} \int x^{2} \, dx = \frac{x^{3}}{3}ln(x) - x^{3}/9 + C

Substituting this into the first integral gets

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G ( x ) = x 3 3 [ l n ( x ) 2 2 3 l n ( x ) + 2 9 ] + C G(x) = \frac{x^{3}}{3}[ \, ln(x)^{2} - \frac{2}{3}ln(x) + \frac{2}{9} \, ] + C

G ( e ) = 5 e 3 27 + C = 5 e 3 27 1 , C = 1 G(e) = \frac{5e^{3}}{27} + C = \frac{5e^{3}}{27} - 1, \; C = -1

G ( x ) = x 3 3 [ l n ( x ) 2 2 3 l n ( x ) + 2 9 ] 1 G(x) = \frac{x^{3}}{3}[ \, ln(x)^{2} - \frac{2}{3}ln(x) + \frac{2}{9} \, ] - 1

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