Square of Real Roots

Algebra Level 4

The polynomial f ( x ) = x 2 + 4 A x + 5 A 2 f(x) = x^2+4Ax+5-A^2 has real roots B B and C . C. What is the minimum possible value of B 2 + C 2 B^2+C^2 ?

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Nov 8, 2020

If we apply the Quadratic Formula, the roots are:

x = 4 A ± 16 A 2 4 ( 1 ) ( 5 A 2 ) 2 = 4 A ± 20 A 2 20 2 = 2 A ± 5 A 2 5 x = \frac{-4A \pm \sqrt{16A^2 - 4(1)(5-A^2)}}{2} = \frac{-4A \pm \sqrt{20A^2-20}}{2} = -2A \pm \sqrt{5A^2-5}

which the roots x = B x=B and x = C x=C will be minimal if they are real and repeated. This occurs when the discriminant equals zero, or at A 2 = 1 B = C = ± 2. A^2=1 \Rightarrow B = C = \pm 2. The smallest possible value of B 2 + C 2 B^2+C^2 equals ( ± 2 ) 2 + ( ± 2 ) 2 = 4 + 4 = 8 . (\pm2)^2 + (\pm2)^2 = 4+4 = \boxed{8}.

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