The angles (the slant height angle), (the base edge angle) and (the angle made between two adjacent faces) minimize the lateral surface area of the above square pyramid when the volume is held constant.
Find .
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s = 2 4 H 2 + x 2 ⟹ the surface area A = 2 x s = x 4 H 2 + x 2
The volume V = 3 1 x 2 H = K ⟹ H = x 2 3 K ⟹ A = x 3 6 K 2 + x 6 ⟹
d x d A = x 2 3 6 k 2 + x 6 2 x 6 − 3 6 k 2 = 0 x = 0 ⟹ x 6 − 1 8 k 2 = 0 ⟹
x = ( 1 8 K 2 ) 6 1 = 3 3 1 2 6 1 k 3 1 ⟹ H = ( 2 3 ) 3 1 K 3 1
⟹ tan ( λ ) = x 2 H = 2 and tan ( γ ) = 1 .
O P = x i + 0 j + 0 k
O R = 0 i − x j + 0 k
O S = 2 x i − 2 x j + H k
U = O P X O S = 0 i − x H j − 2 x 2 k
and
V = O R X O S = − x H i + 0 j + 2 x 2 k
U ∘ V = − 4 x 4
∣ U ∣ = 2 x 4 H 2 + x 2 = ∣ V ∣
⟹ cos ( θ ) = ∣ U ∣ ∣ V ∣ U ∘ V = − 4 H 2 + x 2 x 2 = − 3 1
⟹ cos ( θ ) tan 2 ( λ ) tan ( γ ) = − 6 .
Note: d x 2 d 2 A ∣ x = ( 1 8 k 2 ) 6 1 = 4 3 > 0 ⟹ min occurs at x = ( 1 8 k 2 ) 6 1