are real numbers such that Find the sum of all possible values of .
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We can prove that x = y = z , I put the proof below. x − 1 + 4 3 x − 1 + 4 2 a = x − 1 a + 4 2 ( a − 7 ) ( a + 6 ) a x − 1 x = x = x − 1 = a 2 = 0 = 7 = 7 = 5 0
Lemma: for strictly increasing function f ( x ) , h ( x ) . If f ( a ) f ( b ) f ( c ) = h ( b ) ( 1 ) = h ( c ) ( 2 ) = h ( a ) ( 3 ) Then a = b = c .
P r o o f : Case1: a , b , c are distinct numbers. Let a > b > c . By eqn ( 2 ) minus eqn ( 3 ) , we got f ( b ) − f ( c ) = h ( c ) − h ( a ) . As a > b > c , we have f ( b ) > f ( c ) , and h ( c ) < h ( a ) . Hence, L H S of equation above is positive. However, the R H S is negative, which is contradiction. For a > c > b , b > a > c , … we can prove it similarly.
Case 2: two of a , b , c are same, the other is distinct from them. Without loss of generality, let a = b = c . We get f ( a ) = f ( b ) = f ( c ) , h ( a ) = h ( b ) = h ( c ) . From eqn ( 2 ) , f ( b ) = h ( c ) f ( a ) = h ( c ) Substitute ( 1 ) inside,we get h ( b ) = h ( c ) , which is contradiction.
Hence, the lemma is true. Now it is obvious that f ( a ) = a − 1 + 4 3 , h ( a ) = a are both strictly increasing function. Hence, a = b = c .