Square semicircle equilateral triangle

Geometry Level 3

Calculate the blue area, if a = 1 a = 1 . Round your answer to 4 significant figures.


The answer is 0.2875.

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2 solutions

Guy Fox
Nov 17, 2018

Chew-Seong Cheong
Nov 20, 2018

Let A A and E E be the midpoints of the vertical sides of the square. The A E AE divides that semicircle and equilateral triangle, hence the blue area, into halves. Label the rest of figure as shown. We note that A B = 1 AB=1 because it is the radius of the semicircle with a diameter of 2. Also that the height of the equilateral triangle of side length 2, D E = 3 DE=\sqrt 3 . Since A E = 2 AE=2 , A D = A E D E = 2 3 AD= AE-DE = 2 - \sqrt 3 .

We note that the area of the wedge [ D B C ] [DBC] is half of the blue area A blue A_{\color{#3D99F6}\text{blue}} . And we have:

[ D B C ] = [ A B C ] [ A B D ] [ A B C ] = area of sector A B C = B A C 2 A B × A D × sin B A C 2 [ A B D ] = area of A B D = θ 2 2 3 2 sin θ where B A C = θ A blue = θ ( 2 3 ) sin θ \begin{aligned} [DBC] & = {\color{#3D99F6}[ABC]} - \color{#D61F06} [ABD] & \small \color{#3D99F6} [ABC] = \text{area of sector }ABC \\ & = {\color{#3D99F6} \frac {\angle BAC} 2} - \color{#D61F06} \frac {AB\times AD \times \sin \angle BAC}2 & \small \color{#D61F06} [ABD] = \text{area of }\triangle ABD \\ & = \frac {\color{#3D99F6}\theta}2 - \frac {2-\sqrt 3}2 \sin \color{#3D99F6} \theta & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{where }\angle BAC = \theta \\ \implies A_{\color{#3D99F6}\text{blue}} & = \theta - (2-\sqrt 3) \sin \theta \end{aligned}

To find θ \theta , applying sine rule in A B D \triangle ABD :

sin A B D A D = sin A D B A B Note that B D C = π 6 A D B = 5 π 6 sin ( π 6 θ ) 2 3 = sin 5 π 6 1 sin ( π 6 θ ) = 2 3 2 \begin{aligned} \frac {\sin \angle ABD}{AD} & = \frac {\sin \color{#3D99F6} \angle ADB}{AB} & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note that }\angle BDC = \frac \pi 6 \implies \angle ADB = \frac {5\pi}6 \\ \frac {\sin \left(\frac \pi 6-\theta \right)}{2-\sqrt 3} & = \frac {\sin \frac {5\pi}6}1 \\ \sin \left(\frac \pi 6-\theta \right) & = \frac {2-\sqrt 3}2 \end{aligned}

θ = π 6 sin 1 ( 2 3 2 ) 0.389220118 \implies \theta = \dfrac \pi 6 - \sin^{-1} \left(\dfrac {2-\sqrt 3}2\right) \approx 0.389220118 radians

A blue = θ ( 2 3 ) sin θ 0.2875 \implies A_{\color{#3D99F6}\text{blue}} = \theta - (2-\sqrt 3) \sin \theta \approx \boxed{0.2875}

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