Squares and Integers

How many ordered triples of integers ( x , y , z ) (x,y,z) satisfy: 1 x 2 + 1 y 2 = z ? \frac{1}{x^2} + \frac{1}{y^2} = z?


The answer is 4.

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1 solution

Curtis Clement
Oct 5, 2015

Firstly, multiply by x 2 y 2 \ x^2 y^2 to obtain: x 2 + y 2 z ( x y ) 2 = 0 \ x^2 +y^2 - z(xy)^2 = 0 Now there is symmetry in x and y so we would expect the coefficient of x 2 y 2 \ x^2 y^2 to be a square so I shall multiply by z before factorising as follows z x 2 + z y 2 z 2 ( x y ) 2 = 0 ( z x 2 1 ) ( z y 2 1 ) = 1 \ zx^2 +zy^2 - z^2 (xy)^2 = 0 \Rightarrow\ (zx^2 -1)(zy^2 -1) = 1 Now 1 = 1 × 1 = ( 1 ) × ( 1 ) \ 1 = 1 \times\ 1 = (-1) \times (-1) so: z x 2 1 = 1 x z = 0 \ zx^2 - 1 = -1 \Rightarrow\ xz = 0 which is impossible as x is on the denominator in the original equation (i.e. 1 0 \frac{1}{0} is undefined) and z can't equal zero as a reciprocal square is always strictly more than zero. Now for case 2: z x 2 1 = 1 x 2 = z 2 ( x , y , z ) = ( ± 1 , ± 1 , 2 ) \ z x^2 -1 = 1 \Rightarrow\ x^2 = \frac{z}{2} \Rightarrow\ (x,y,z) = ( \pm 1 , \pm 1 , 2 ) This produces 4 solutions namely ( x , y , z ) = ( 1 , 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 , 2 ) \ (x,y,z) = (1,1,2), (-1,1,2),(1,-1,2),(-1,-1,2)

Moderator note:

Nice approach with SFFT.

A slightly faster approach would be to bound the LHS if x , y 2 x, y \geq 2 .

Exacty Same Way

Kushagra Sahni - 5 years, 8 months ago

What do you mean by'Now there is symmetry in x and y so we would expect the coefficient of x^2y^2 to be a square ' ?

Raven Herd - 5 years, 7 months ago

FYI I added "ordered" triples in for clarity.

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 8 months ago

Elegance at its best!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 8 months ago

as we took zx^2 -1=1 then zy^2-1 also equals to 1

by solving it we get x^2=y^2=z/2

then x=y

and then it can only have 2 solutions which are(1,1,2)(-1,-1,2)

Prakhar Dhumas - 5 years, 7 months ago

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