Squares and triangles to hexagon

Geometry Level 4

The areas of the three squares in the figure below are given inside corresponding squares.

Find the area of hexagon A B C D E F ABCDEF to the nearest integer.

80 90 100 110 120

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2 solutions

Relevant wiki: General Polygons - Area

By cosine law, the angles of the G H I \triangle GHI can be computed.

( 26 ) 2 = ( 18 ) 2 + ( 20 ) 2 2 ( 18 ) ( 20 ) ( cos β ) (\sqrt{26})^2=(\sqrt{18})^2+(\sqrt{20})^2-2(\sqrt{18})(\sqrt{20})(\cos~\beta) \implies β = 71.57 \beta=71.57

( 20 ) 2 = ( 18 ) 2 + ( 26 ) 2 2 ( 18 ) ( 26 ) ( cos θ ) (\sqrt{20})^2=(\sqrt{18})^2+(\sqrt{26})^2-2(\sqrt{18})(\sqrt{26})(\cos~\theta) \implies θ = 56.31 \theta=56.31

( 18 ) 2 = ( 26 ) 2 + ( 20 ) 2 2 ( 26 ) ( 20 ) ( cos α ) (\sqrt{18})^2=(\sqrt{26})^2+(\sqrt{20})^2-2(\sqrt{26})(\sqrt{20})(\cos~\alpha) \implies α = 52.13 \alpha=52.13

A G F = 180 56.31 = 123.69 \angle AGF=180-56.31=123.69 ; ; B H C = 180 52.13 = 127.87 \angle BHC=180-52.13=127.87

E I D = 180 71.57 = 108.43 \angle EID=180-71.57=108.43

In computing the area of each triangle, we use the formula: A = a b sin C 2 \boxed{A=\dfrac{ab \sin~C}{2}}

A G H I = 1 2 ( 26 ) ( 18 ) ( sin 56.31 ) = 9 A_{GHI}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{26})(\sqrt{18})(\sin~56.31)=9

A A G F = 1 2 ( 26 ) ( 18 ) ( sin 123.69 ) = 9 A_{AGF}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{26})(\sqrt{18})(\sin~123.69)=9

A E I D = 1 2 ( 18 ) ( 20 ) ( sin 108.43 ) = 9 A_{EID}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{18})(\sqrt{20})(\sin~108.43)=9

A B H C = 1 2 ( 26 ) ( 20 ) ( sin 127.87 ) = 9 A_{BHC}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{26})(\sqrt{20})(\sin~127.87)=9

A A B C D E F = 26 + 18 + 20 + 4 ( 9 ) = A_{ABCDEF}=26+18+20+4(9)= 100 \boxed{100}

It's clear that since the sines of supplementary angles are equal, the areas of the outside triangles are all the same. Then, the total area is just 4 times the area of the inside triangle + 64. The inside triangle side of length 3(2^.5) can be broken up into a segment of 2(2^.5) and (2^.5) so that the inner triangle can be seen to be composed of two right triangles, each of height 3(2^.5) and so has an area of 9. But how to do this in general, if the areas given instead are A, B and C?

Marvin Lee - 3 years, 3 months ago

Okay, from the post's way of the law of cosines, if area of outside squares are in general K1,K2 and K3, the square of the area of the inside triangle is (1/4)(K1.K2+K2.K3+K3.K1-H^2) where H=(1/2)(K1+K2+K3). Now, we just apply this formula.

Marvin Lee - 3 years, 3 months ago
Michael Mendrin
May 1, 2018

Rotate the inner triangle by 60 degrees about any of its vertices, coming into contact with an outer triangle. Then since both triangles share the same altitude and base length, they have the same area. Using Heron's formula determines the area of the inner triangle to be 9. Hence, the total area is 4(9) + 18 + 20 + 26 = 100.

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