The quarter circle has radius and the semicircles are stacked in the quarter circle as shown above.
If the radius of the red circle can be expressed as , where and are coprime positive integers, find .
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Using the above diagram 1 = 5 R 1 2 ⟹ R 1 = 5 1 and R 1 + R 2 = 5 5 R 2 + 1 ⟹
5 ( 5 R 2 + 1 ) 2 + 4 R 2 2 = 1 ⟹ 2 5 R 2 2 + 2 5 R 2 − 4 = 0 ⟹ R 2 = 2 5 1 0 5 − 5 dropping the negative root
and ( R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ) 2 + 4 R 3 2 = 1 ⟹ 5 R 3 2 + 2 ( R 1 + R 2 ) R 3 + ( R 1 + R 2 ) 2 − 1 = 0 ⟹
R 3 = 5 − ( R 1 + R 2 ) + 5 − 4 ( R 1 + R 2 ) 2 , where R 1 + R 2 = 5 5 2 1 + 4 ⟹
( R 1 + R 2 ) 2 = 1 2 5 3 7 + 8 2 1 ⟹ 5 − 4 ( R 1 + R 2 ) 2 = 1 2 5 4 7 7 − 3 2 2 1 ⟹
R 3 = 2 5 5 4 7 7 − 3 2 2 1 − 2 1 − 4 = 5 2 5 4 7 7 − 2 5 2 1 − 2 1 − 2 2 =
( c b ) c a − ( b c ) d − d − b b ⟹ a + b + c + d = 5 0 5 .