For how many positive even integers are both and are perfect squares?
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Let n + 1 = k 2 and 2 n + 1 = m 2 . Then k 2 − 2 m 2 = − 1 .
Now this is a negative Pell's equation, i.e., it is of the form k 2 − d m 2 = − 1 where d is a non-square integer and integer solutions are sought for k and m . We know that this equation has an infinite number of solutions when d has a continued fraction expansion with an odd period. In this case we have d = 2 , and since 2 has a continued fraction expansion of period 1 we can conclude that there are an infinite number of solutions ( k , m ) , This in turn implies that there are an infinite number of positive even integers n such that both ( n + 1 ) and ( 2 n + 1 ) are perfect squares.