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For how many positive even integers n n are both ( n + 1 ) (n + 1) and ( n 2 + 1 ) \left(\dfrac{n}{2} + 1\right ) are perfect squares?

1 2 infinitely many more than 2 but still finitely many

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1 solution

Let n + 1 = k 2 n + 1 = k^{2} and n 2 + 1 = m 2 \frac{n}{2} + 1 = m^{2} . Then k 2 2 m 2 = 1 k^{2} - 2m^{2} = -1 .

Now this is a negative Pell's equation, i.e., it is of the form k 2 d m 2 = 1 k^{2} - dm^{2} = -1 where d d is a non-square integer and integer solutions are sought for k k and m m . We know that this equation has an infinite number of solutions when d \sqrt{d} has a continued fraction expansion with an odd period. In this case we have d = 2 d = 2 , and since 2 \sqrt{2} has a continued fraction expansion of period 1 1 we can conclude that there are an infinite number of solutions ( k , m ) (k,m) , This in turn implies that there are an infinite number of positive even integers n n such that both ( n + 1 ) (n + 1) and ( n 2 + 1 ) (\frac{n}{2} + 1) are perfect squares.

Nice problem, but I must say I guessed the answer- once I found it out that it was A pell's form :P

Jayakumar Krishnan - 6 years, 9 months ago

Brian, yes, as soon as I realized that this is about Pell's equation which has infinitely many answers, I clicked the answer. Unfortunately, in my hurry, I clicked the wrong one. Oh well. Time for me to go take my walk.

Michael Mendrin - 6 years, 9 months ago

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That's too bad. I've done that with several multiple choice questions myself, (clicked the wrong choice even though I knew the answer), which makes me wary of this format of question. However, I thought that for this question it was the best format to go with. I'm glad that you quickly recognized the connection to Pell's; hopefully others will too and not waste too much time trying to count solutions. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 9 months ago

Could you, please, mention one more solution besides n=48.

Сергей Кротов - 6 years, 8 months ago

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1680=n So n+1=1641 N÷2=840 and +1=841 841^0.5=29

Rohit Ranjan - 6 years, 4 months ago

here...48, 1680, 57120, 1940448, 65918160, 2239277040, 76069501248, 2584123765440, 87784138523760, 2982076586042448, 101302819786919520, 3441313796169221280, 116903366249966604048, 3971273138702695316400, 134906383349641674153600, 4582845760749114225906048, 155681849482120242006652080, 5288600036631339114000264720, 179656719395983409634002348448....

Giorgos K. - 3 years, 5 months ago

aargh! clicked 1 by mistake :(

Ashu Dablo - 6 years, 8 months ago

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