If
1 2 + 4 1 + 2 2 + 8 1 + 3 2 + 1 2 1 + … = q p ,
where p and q are coprime positive integers, what is p + q ?
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If we denote the sum by S we may observe that
S = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 + 4 n 1 = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n ( n + 4 ) 1 = 4 H 4
where H 4 is the 4th Harmonic Number, where the k-th harmonic number may be defined as
H k = n = 1 ∑ k n 1
Therefore we may conclude that
S = q p = 4 ∑ n = 1 4 n 1 = 4 8 2 5
∴ p + q = 7 3
More generally, though,
S ( k ) = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n ( n + k ) 1 = k H k
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T n = n 2 + 4 n 1
= n ( n + 4 ) 1
= 4 1 ( n 1 − n + 4 1 )
thus we see here the series goes till infinity , and the terms 5 1 , 6 1 . . . . will only be omitted
thus the sum is equal to
4 1 ( 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 4 1 )
= 4 8 2 5