Strange sum

Calculus Level 3

If

1 1 2 + 4 + 1 2 2 + 8 + 1 3 2 + 12 + = p q , \frac{ 1 }{ 1^2 + 4 } + \frac{ 1}{2^2 + 8 } + \frac{ 1 }{ 3^2 + 12 } + \ldots = \frac { p}{q},

where p p and q q are coprime positive integers, what is p + q p + q ?


The answer is 73.

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2 solutions

U Z
Nov 6, 2014

T n = 1 n 2 + 4 n T_{n} = \frac{1}{n^{2} + 4n}

= 1 n ( n + 4 ) = \frac{1}{n(n + 4)}

= 1 4 ( 1 n 1 n + 4 ) = \frac{1}{4}(\frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n + 4})

thus we see here the series goes till infinity , and the terms 1 5 , 1 6 . . . . \frac{1}{5} , \frac{1}{6} .... will only be omitted

thus the sum is equal to

1 4 ( 1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 4 ) \frac{1}{4}( 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4})

= 25 48 = \frac{25}{48}

Same way. Cheers.

Vishwak Srinivasan - 5 years, 11 months ago

If we denote the sum by S S we may observe that

S = n = 1 1 n 2 + 4 n = n = 1 1 n ( n + 4 ) = H 4 4 S = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{2}+4n} = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n(n+4)} = \frac{H_{4}}{4}

where H 4 H_{4} is the 4th Harmonic Number, where the k-th harmonic number may be defined as

H k = n = 1 k 1 n H_{k} = \sum_{n=1}^{k} \frac{1}{n}

Therefore we may conclude that

S = p q = n = 1 4 1 n 4 = 25 48 S = \frac{p}{q} = \frac{\sum_{n=1}^{4} \frac{1}{n}}{4} = \frac{25}{48}

p + q = 73 \therefore p + q = 73

More generally, though,

S ( k ) = n = 1 1 n ( n + k ) = H k k S(k) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n(n+k)} = \frac{H_{k}}{k}

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