A rectangular prism with length l , width w , and height h has the property that l + w + h = 1 1 and l 2 + w 2 + h 2 = 5 9 . What is the surface area of the prism?
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Surface area: S = 2 ( l w + w h + h l )
Square of the sum of the dimensions:
( l + h + w ) 2 = l 2 + h 2 + w 2 + 2 l w + 2 w h + 2 h l = ( l 2 + h 2 + w 2 ) + 2 ( l w + w h + h l ) = 5 9 + S = 1 1 2 = 1 2 1
S = 1 2 1 − 5 9 = 6 2
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Relevant wiki: Surface Area of a Cuboid
The surface consists of 6 rectangular faces, 2 each with area l w , w h , and h l , so the surface area is 2 l w + 2 w h + 2 h l . We expand the square of the sum of l , w , and h to get ( l + w + h ) 2 = l 2 + l w + l h + w l + w 2 + w h + h l + h w + h 2 = l 2 + w 2 + h 2 + 2 l w + 2 w h + 2 h l , or 2 l w + 2 w h + 2 h l = ( l + w + h ) 2 − ( l 2 + w 2 + h 2 ) . We can subsitite the given values to get 2 l w + 2 w h + 2 h l = 1 1 2 − 5 9 , so the surface area is 1 2 1 − 5 9 = 6 2 .
It is unnecessary for solving the problem but might be interesting to note that the values of l , w , and h chosen when writing this problem are 7, 3, and 1 in some order.