"Stretching" Polynomials

Algebra Level 5

There exists a polynomial of the form x 6 + a x + b x^6 + ax + b that has the same set of real roots as the polynomial x 2 2 x 1 x^2-2x-1 Find a + b |a+b| .


The answer is 99.

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3 solutions

First Last
Dec 22, 2015

Conveniently bashing works: Roots of x 2 2 x 1 x^2-2x-1 are 1 + 2 1+- \sqrt{2} . Taking ( 1 + 2 ) 6 (1+\sqrt{2})^6 into the sextic function works out nicely to 70 2 + 99 + a + a 2 + b = 0 70\sqrt{2}+ 99 + a + a\sqrt{2} + b = 0 . a a must equal -70 to eliminate the irrational part of the equation. Then 99 70 + b = 0 99 - 70 + b = 0 . b b must equal -29. Then, |-70 -29| = 99 \boxed{99}

Ben Habeahan
Aug 28, 2015

From problem above, we can use long division

x 6 + a x + 6 x 2 2 x 1 = ( x 4 + 2 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 12 x + 29 ) + ( a + 70 ) x + ( b + 29 ) x 2 2 x 1 \frac{x^6+ax+6}{x^2-2x-1}=(x^4+2x^3+5x^2+12x+29)+ \frac{(a+70)x+(b+29)}{x^2-2x-1}

It's mean,

x 6 + a x + 6 = ( x 4 + 2 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 12 x + 29 ) ( x 2 2 x 1 ) + [ ( a + 70 ) x + ( b + 29 ) ] {x^6+ax+6}=(x^4+2x^3+5x^2+12x+29){(x^2-2x-1)}+[(a+70)x+(b+29)]

Since x 2 2 x 1 = 0 x^2-2x-1=0 are two real root, we must have remaind [ ( a + 70 ) x + ( b + 29 ) ] = 0. [(a+70)x+(b+29)]=0. a + 70 = 0 , b + 29 = 0 a = 70 , b = 29 \iff{a+70=0,b+29=0} \implies a=-70,b=-29

a + b = 99 \mid{a+b} \mid = \boxed{99}

Bufang Liang
Aug 27, 2015

x 2 2 x 1 = 0 x 2 = 2 x + 1 x 3 2 x 2 x = 0 x 3 2 ( 2 x + 1 ) x = 0 x 3 5 x 2 = 0 x^2-2x-1 = 0 \\ x^2 = 2x+1 \\ x^3 - 2x^2 - x = 0 \\ x^3 - 2(2x+1) - x = 0 \\ x^3 - 5x - 2 = 0

Repeat this process until the correct degree and form has been reached. It follows that a = 70 a=-70 and b = 29 b=-29 , so a + b = 99 |a+b| = \boxed{99} .

Extra: Technically, we haven't shown how this answer guarantees only these two real roots. How can we show or prove that this 6th degree polynomial does in fact only have these two real roots?

Answer to Extra question: Descartes' Rule of Sign.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 9 months ago

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