Submerged Cone Pressure Ratio

A solid right circular cone is submerged beneath a body of water, such that its axis is aligned with gravity and its tip is pointing upward. Its base radius is 1 m 1\text{ m} and its height is 3 m . 3\text{ m}.

Let F B F_B be the magnitude of the net upward vertical pressure force on the cone's circular base, and let F S F_S be the magnitude of the net downward vertical pressure force on the cone's side.

If F B F S = 5 4 , \large{\frac{F_B}{F_S} = \frac{5}{4}}, how far below the water surface is the cone's tip?

Details and Assumptions:

  • Gravity is 10 m/s 2 . 10\text{ m/s}^2.
  • Water density is 1000 kg/m 3 . 1000\text{ kg/m}^3.
  • Neglect atmospheric pressure.


The answer is 2.0.

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2 solutions

Laszlo Mihaly
Oct 11, 2018

We know that the buoyant force is F = ρ g V F=\rho gV , where ρ \rho is the density of water. At the same time the buoyant force is the net upward force acting on the body, and in our case it can be expressed as F = F B F S F=F_B-F_S , since F B F_B and F S F_S are both vertical forces. Therefore we have

F B F S = 5 4 \frac{F_B}{F_S}=\frac{5}{4} and

F B F S = ρ g V F_B-F_S= \rho gV .

We solve this for F B F_B

F B = 5 ρ g V F_B=5\rho gV

On the other hand the pressure at the bottom of the cone is p = ρ g d p=\rho g d , where d d is the distance between the water surface and the base plane. We can calculate d d by using F B = p r 2 π = r 2 π ρ g d F_B=p r^2\pi=r^2\pi \rho gd and combining it with our result for F B F_B

5 ρ g r 2 π h 3 = r 2 π ρ g d 5\rho g r^2 \pi \frac{h}{3} = r^2\pi \rho gd

where we expressed the volume with the height h h and base radius r r . We get

d = 5 3 h d=\frac{5}{3} h

and therefore the top is at the depth of

d h = 2 3 h = 2.0 m d-h=\frac{2}{3} h= 2.0m

Abha Vishwakarma
Oct 10, 2018

I don't know if it's easy to make sense out of this but here is how I solved it -

Something interesting to note is that the density of liquid has no effect on the depth of the pyramid.

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