Calculate k = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 3 k + 1 ) ( 3 k + 2 ) ( 3 k + 3 ) 1 .
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S = k = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 3 k + 1 ) ( 3 k + 2 ) ( 3 k + 3 ) 1 = 2 1 k = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 3 k + 1 1 − 3 k + 2 2 + 3 k + 3 1 ) = 2 1 ( 1 1 − 2 2 + 3 1 + 4 1 − 5 2 + 6 1 + 7 1 − 8 2 + 9 1 + ⋯ ) = − ( 1 cos 3 4 π + 2 cos 2 π + 3 cos 3 8 π + 4 cos 3 1 0 π + ⋯ ) = − ℜ k = 1 ∑ ∞ k ω k + 1 = − ℜ ( ω k = 1 ∑ ∞ k ω k ) = ℜ ( ω ln ( 1 − ω ) ) = ℜ ( ω ln ( 1 − ( − 2 1 + 2 3 i ) ) ) = ℜ ( ω ln ( 2 3 − 2 3 i ) ) = ℜ ( ω ln ( 3 e − 6 π i ) ) = ℜ ( ( − 2 1 + 2 3 i ) ( 2 ln 3 − 6 π i ) ) = 1 2 π 3 − 3 ln 3 By partial fraction decomposition where ω = e 3 2 π i the 3rd root of unity. ℜ ( ⋅ ) denotes the real part of a complex number. By Euler’s formula: e θ i = cos θ + i sin θ