⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ a + b + c = 1 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 1 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 5 5
Given that a , b and c satisfy the system of equations above, find ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ( c − 1 ) .
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Let a , b , c be the roots of a cubic polynomial p ( x ) .
Now, by Newton's Sums, we get one of those polynomials to be equal to, p ( x ) = ( x 3 − x 2 − 1 0 x − 8 ) .
It would be of the form, p ( x ) = − ( a − x ) ( b − x ) ( c − x ) ,for some constant k .
So we get p ( 1 ) = − ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ( c − 1 ) = − 1 8
Nicely done !! (+1)
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Thanks! Inspired by you only! "The use of Newton Sums!"
Another solution is using the identity a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = ( a + b + c ) 3 − 3 ( a + b + c ) ( a b + b c + c a ) + 3 a b c . From given conditions, we have 5 5 = 1 − 3 ( a b + b c + c a ) + 3 a b c . So we get that a b c − ( a b + b c + c a ) = 1 8 . The desired expression is a b c − ( a b + b c + c a ) + ( a + b + c ) − 1 = 1 8 + 1 − 1 = 1 8 . Note that this solution doesn't need a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 1 .
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a + b + c = 1
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 1
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 5 5
( a + b + c ) 2 − 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2 1
= ⇒ ( a b + b c + c a ) = − 1 0
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3 a b c = 5 5 − 3 a b c
= ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ( a b + b c + c a ) ) = 5 5 − 3 a b c
= ⇒ ( a b c ) = 8
( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ( c − 1 )
= ( a b c ) − ( a b + b c + c a ) + ( a + b + c ) − 1
= ⇒ 8 + 1 0 + 1 − 1 = 1 8