Sum Of Roots

Level pending

[A Problem From London University]

Find the sum of the fifth powers of the roots of the equation


The answer is -140.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Dec 27, 2014

It can be solved using Newton's Sum method, which I think is easier.

If the four roots of the equation are a , b , c , d a,b,c,d . Then, by Vieta's formulas, we have

S 1 = a + b + c + d = 0 S 2 = a b + a c + a d + b c + b d + c d = 7 \quad S_1 = a +b+c+d = 0 \quad \quad S_2 = ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd = -7

S 3 = a b c + a b d + a c d + b c d = 4 S 4 = a b c d = 3 \quad S_3 = abc+abd+acd+bcd =-4 \quad \quad S_4 = abcd = -3

Then P n = a n + b n + c n + d n P_n = a^n+b^n+c^n+d^n , where n = 1 , 2 , 3 n=1,2,3 ... is given by:

P 1 = S 1 = 0 P_1 = S_1 = 0

P 2 = S 1 P 1 2 S 2 = 0 2 ( 7 ) = 14 P_2 = S_1P_1 - 2S_2 = 0 -2(-7) = 14

P 3 = S 1 P 2 S 2 P 1 + 3 S 3 = 0 + 7 ( 0 ) + 3 ( 4 ) = 12 P_3 = S_1P_2 - S_2P_1 + 3S_3 = 0 +7(0) +3(-4) = -12

P 4 = S 1 P 3 S 2 P 2 + S 3 P 1 4 S 4 = 0 + 7 ( 14 ) 3 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 3 ) = 86 P_4 = S_1P_3 - S_2P_2 + S_3P_1 -4S_4 = 0 +7(14)-3(0) + 4(-3) = 86

P 5 = S 1 P 4 S 2 P 3 + S 3 P 2 S 4 P 1 = 0 + 7 ( 12 ) 3 ( 14 ) + 4 ( 0 ) = 140 P_5 = S_1P_4 - S_2P_3 + S_3P_2 -S_4P_1 = 0 +7(-12)-3(14) + 4(0) = -140

Therefore, P 5 = a 5 + b 5 + c 5 + d 5 = 140 P_5 = a^5+b^5+c^5+d^5 = \boxed {-140}

Definitely better than my solution.

Abdur Rehman Zahid - 6 years, 5 months ago

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