Sum of Sum of Divisors

For all n N n \in \mathbb{N} , let τ ( n ) \tau (n) denote the sum of positive divisors of n n (including 1 1 and itself). Find the last three digits of n = 1 100 τ ( n ) \displaystyle \sum \limits_{n=1}^{100} \tau (n) .

Details and Assumptions:

  • As an explicit example, the positive divisors of 4 4 are 1 , 2 , 1, 2, and 4 4 , so τ ( 4 ) = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 \tau (4)= 4+2+1 = 7 .

  • This is not a computer science problem.


The answer is 299.

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1 solution

Jubayer Nirjhor
Feb 4, 2014

Trivial investigation gives:

n = 1 100 τ ( n ) = k = 1 100 k 100 k \sum_{n=1}^{100} \tau (n) = \sum_{k=1}^{100} k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}k\right\rfloor

Computing this isn't that hard. We'll follow the steps below:

51 k 100 k = 51 100 k 100 k = k = 51 100 k = 3775 775 ( m o d 1000 ) 51\le k\le 100 ~~~\Longrightarrow~\sum_{k=51}^{100}k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}k\right\rfloor=\sum_{k=51}^{100}k =3775\equiv 775\pmod{1000}

34 k 50 k = 34 50 k 100 k = 2 k = 34 50 k = 1428 428 ( m o d 1000 ) 34\le k\le 50 ~~~\Longrightarrow~\sum_{k=34}^{50}k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}k\right\rfloor=2\sum_{k=34}^{50}k =1428\equiv 428\pmod{1000}

26 k 33 k = 26 33 k 100 k = 3 k = 26 33 k = 708 708 ( m o d 1000 ) 26\le k\le 33~~~\Longrightarrow~\sum_{k=26}^{33}k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}k\right\rfloor=3\sum_{k=26}^{33}k =708\equiv 708\pmod{1000}

21 k 25 k = 21 25 k 100 k = 4 k = 21 25 k = 460 460 ( m o d 1000 ) 21\le k\le 25 ~~~\Longrightarrow~\sum_{k=21}^{25}k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}k\right\rfloor=4\sum_{k=21}^{25}k =460\equiv 460\pmod{1000}

For 1 k 20 1\le k\le 20 , we can easily calculate it since we are looking for the greatest multiple less than 100 100 of each of 1 k 20 1\le k\le 20 . And the sum is 1928 928 ( m o d 1000 ) 1928\equiv 928\pmod{1000} .

In total, therefore, the answer is:

775 + 428 + 708 + 460 + 928 = 3299 299 ( m o d 1000 ) 775+428+708+460+928=3299\equiv \fbox{299}\pmod{1000}

Oops... I computed sum of sum of digits.

Ben Frankel - 7 years, 4 months ago

Thank you .I had an idea which is much smilar to this.But,i missed it.

Viswanath Reddy - 7 years, 4 months ago

I typed in 8299 rather than 299...

Lee Wall - 7 years, 3 months ago

Would anyone care to explain how the first step was realised?

Stefan Lungu - 4 years, 9 months ago

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For each 1 k 100 1\le k\le 100 , how many times does k k appear in the wanted sum? Since k k has exactly 100 k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}{k}\right\rfloor positive multiples 100 \le 100 , it appears exactly 100 k \left\lfloor\dfrac{100}{k}\right\rfloor times, and the sum is k 100 k k\left\lfloor\dfrac{100}{k}\right\rfloor . We must take the sum over all k k in [ 1 , 100 ] [1,100] .

Jubayer Nirjhor - 4 years, 9 months ago

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Could you explain in greater detail how you calculated the sum for 1 ≤ k ≤ 20? Thanks, and other than that, brilliant solution

wesley johnson - 1 year ago

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