Sum of those numbers

Algebra Level 3

Find the sum of all the two digit numbers which can be expressed as an integral multiple of the product of their digits.


The answer is 98.

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1 solution

Chris Lewis
Dec 10, 2019

The only such numbers are 11 , 12 , 15 , 24 , 36 11,12,15,24,36 , with total 98 \boxed{98} . These are easy to find computationally, but a manual method is as follows: say the number is 10 a + b 10a+b , where 1 a 9 1 \le a \le 9 and 1 b 9 1 \le b \le 9 (note that neither digit can be zero).

The equation we need these to satisfy is 10 a + b = k a b 10a+b=kab , where k k is a positive integer.

Note that b = ( k b 10 ) a b=(kb-10)a ; so a a divides b b . We can write b = h a b=ha for some positive integer h h . Since a 9 a\le 9 , we have h 9 h \le 9 as well.

The equation now becomes 10 a + h a = k h a 2 10a+ha=kha^2 , which simplifies (since a > 0 a>0 ) to 10 + h = k h a 10+h=kha . Dividing by h h , we get 10 h + 1 = k a \frac{10}{h}+1=ka . So h h must be a factor of 10 10 , and since it's less than or equal to 9 9 , this only leaves the set { 1 , 2 , 5 } \{ 1,2,5 \} . It's now a short case analysis to find the above list:

Case h = 1 h=1 : k a = 11 ka=11 ; only solution is a = 1 , b = 1 a=1,b=1

Case h = 2 h=2 : k a = 6 ka=6 ; solutions a = 1 , b = 2 a=1,b=2 ; a = 2 , b = 4 a=2,b=4 ; a = 3 , b = 6 a=3,b=6

(note we exclude a = 6 a=6 as this would give b = 12 b=12 , which is too large)

Case h = 5 h=5 : k a = 3 ka=3 ; only solution is a = 1 , b = 5 a=1,b=5

Incidentally, these numbers appear here in the OEIS.

That's it. Elegant solution.

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 6 months ago

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