Sum them all up! (3)

Calculus Level 5

$ \tau (n)$ is even 1 n 2 \displaystyle \large{ \sum_{\text{\$\tau(n)\$ is even}} \frac{1}{n^2} }

The sum runs over all positive integers n n where τ ( n ) \tau(n) , the number of positive divisors of n n , is even. Find the value of the sum.


This is part of set Sum up all of them!


The answer is 0.56.

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1 solution

We note that σ ( n ) \sigma (n) is odd when n n is a perfect square. Therefore,

σ ( n ) even 1 n 2 = 1 1 2 + 1 2 2 + 1 3 2 + 1 4 2 + 1 5 2 + 1 6 2 + 1 7 2 + 1 8 2 + 1 9 2 + 1 1 0 2 + . . . = n = 1 1 n 2 n = 1 1 ( n 2 ) 2 = n = 1 1 n 2 n = 1 1 n 4 = ζ ( 2 ) ζ ( 4 ) = π 2 6 π 4 90 0.563 \begin{aligned} \sum_{\sigma(n) \in \text{ even}} \frac 1{n^2} & = \small \color{#D61F06}{\cancel{\frac 1{1^2}}} + \frac 1{2^2} + \frac 1{3^2} + \color{#D61F06}{\cancel{\frac 1{4^2}}} + \frac 1{5^2} + \frac 1{6^2} + \frac 1{7^2} + \frac 1{8^2} + \color{#D61F06}{\cancel{\frac 1{9^2}}} + \frac 1{10^2} + ... \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{n^2} - \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{(n^2)^2} \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{n^2} - \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{n^4} \\ & = \zeta (2) - \zeta (4) \\ & = \frac {\pi^2}6 - \frac {\pi ^4}{90} \\ & \approx \boxed{0.563} \end{aligned}

Marvelous! I did the exact same thing: every single positive integer has an odd number of divisors except for perfect squares. Hence, the answer is around 0.56261083313709, using the ζ function.

Ραμών Αδάλια - 4 years, 10 months ago

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I meant an even number of divisors

Ραμών Αδάλια - 4 years, 10 months ago

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You can edit your comment. Just a tip!

Kishore S. Shenoy - 4 years, 10 months ago

Did exactly the same way,sir.

Indraneel Mukhopadhyaya - 4 years, 10 months ago

Exactly! High-five.

Kishore S. Shenoy - 4 years, 10 months ago

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