3 1 + 3 2 + 3 4 1 + 3 4 + 3 6 + 3 9 1 + 3 9 + 3 1 2 + 3 1 6 1
If the expression above can be simplified to the form of 3 a + b for integers a and b , find the value of a + b .
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Notice that a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b ) ( a 2 + a b + b 2 ) Now look at each of the three denominators. For the first expression put a = 3 2 , b = 3 1 to and multiply both the numerators and denominators by a − b and then simplify to show that it is equal to 3 2 − 3 1 . For the second expression use a = 3 3 , b = 3 2 and for the third use a = 3 4 , b = 3 3 to get the whole expression as equivalent to 3 2 − 3 1 + 3 3 − 3 2 + 3 4 − 3 3 which simplifies to 3 4 − 1 so the answer is 4 − 1 = 3
We can write 1/(a^2+ a.b + b^2 ) as (a-b)/(a^3-b^3) ..Complete expression boils down to (4)^(1/3) - 1 so a=4,b=-1 hence a+b is 3
Note that each of the denominator in this expression is a geometric series, and the first, second, third term respectively has common ration 3 2 , 3 2 3 , 3 3 4 . Therefore the original expression becomes 3 1 ( 2 − 1 ) 3 2 − 1 + 3 4 ( 2 3 − 1 ) 3 2 3 − 1 + 3 9 ( 3 4 − 1 ) 3 3 4 − 1 = 3 2 − 3 1 + 3 3 − 3 2 + 3 4 − 3 3 = 3 4 − 1 . So the answer is 3 .
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This is a classic telescoping problem. Using the difference of cubes formula:
3 n 2 + 3 n ( n + 1 ) + 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 1 = 3 n + 1 − 3 n
Therefore the given expression is:
− 1 + 3 2 − 3 2 + 3 3 − 3 3 + 3 4 = 3 4 − 1 ⟹ a = 4 and b = − 1 ⟹ a + b = 3