Summation of square roots?

Algebra Level 5

For n 1 n\geq 1 , the sequences a n a_n and b n b_n are defined as a n = 3 n + n 2 1 a_n=3n+\sqrt{n^2-1} and b n = 2 ( n 2 + n + n 2 n ) b_n=2\left(\sqrt{n^2+n}+\sqrt{n^2-n}\right) .

If the sum k = 1 49 a k b k \sum_{k=1}^{49}\sqrt{a_k-b_k} can be written as a b c a\sqrt{b}-c for positive integers a , b a,b and c c , where b b is square free, find the value of their product a b c abc .


The answer is 40.

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2 solutions

Patrick Corn
Jul 13, 2020

Let c = 1 / 2 . 1/\sqrt{2}. Then ( 2 c n c n + 1 c n 1 ) 2 = 4 c 2 n + c 2 ( n + 1 ) + c 2 ( n 1 ) + 2 c 2 n 2 1 4 c 2 n 2 + n 4 c 2 n 2 n = 3 n + n 2 1 2 ( n 2 + n n 2 n ) = a n b n . \begin{aligned} (2c\sqrt{n} - c\sqrt{n+1} - c\sqrt{n-1})^2 &= 4c^2n + c^2(n+1) + c^2(n-1) +2c^2\sqrt{n^2-1} - 4c^2\sqrt{n^2+n} - 4c^2\sqrt{n^2-n} \\ &= 3n + \sqrt{n^2-1} - 2(\sqrt{n^2+n}-\sqrt{n^2-n}) \\ &= a_n - b_n. \end{aligned} Note that the term in parentheses above is in fact positive (e.g. because the graph of y = x y=\sqrt{x} is concave down), so it's the positive square root of a n b n . a_n - b_n.

Now, let S = k = 1 49 k . S = \sum_{k=1}^{49} \sqrt{k}. Then our sum is k = 1 49 ( 2 c k c k + 1 c k 1 ) = 2 c S c ( S + 50 1 ) c ( S 7 ) = 8 c c 50 = 4 2 5 , \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=1}^{49} (2c\sqrt{k} -c\sqrt{k+1} -c\sqrt{k-1}) &= 2cS - c(S+\sqrt{50} - 1) - c(S - 7) \\ &= 8c - c\sqrt{50} \\ &= 4\sqrt{2} - 5, \end{aligned} so the answer is 40 . \fbox{40}.

why letting c = 1/sqrt(2)

Aditya Ekbote - 7 months, 1 week ago

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To make the equations more readable.

Patrick Corn - 7 months, 1 week ago

please reply

Aditya Ekbote - 7 months, 1 week ago

it would be a real help to me

Aditya Ekbote - 7 months, 1 week ago

thanking you in anticipation

Aditya Ekbote - 7 months, 1 week ago

Since all i had did so far with L a T e X LaTeX were Δ , \Delta, \angle \cap \dots cope up with my latex abilities.

a n b n = 3 n + n 2 1 2 ( n 2 + n n 2 n ) = 2 n + ( ( n + 1 ) 2 + ( n 1 ) 2 ) a_n-b_n = 3n+ \sqrt{n^2-1} -2(\sqrt{n^{2}+n} - \sqrt{n^{2}-n}) = 2n+ \large(\frac{(n+1)}{\sqrt{2}}+ \frac{(n-1)}{\sqrt{2}}) + 2 n 2 1 2 2 2 n n + 1 + n 1 2 = [ 2 k k + 1 + k 1 2 ] 2 2 \frac{\sqrt{n^2-1}}{2} -2\sqrt{2n} \dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n-1}}{\sqrt{2}} = \large[\sqrt{2k}- \dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k-1}}{2}]^2 Now you k all that cancellation and drama.

Hi broooo!!! you are rohit camfar right?? How are you?? results kaise aaye boards ke? and rmo/inmo mein kya raha last year? We talked on telegram...remember??

Vilakshan Gupta - 11 months ago

Four years not long enuf to forget you all olynpiad friends bro.. i purposedly wrote the solution with so much trouble in latex (you see). Can you join me on a whatsapp iit jee group? It won't disappoint u

Vishwash Kumar ΓΞΩ - 11 months ago

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