For n ≥ 1 , the sequences a n and b n are defined as a n = 3 n + n 2 − 1 and b n = 2 ( n 2 + n + n 2 − n ) .
If the sum k = 1 ∑ 4 9 a k − b k can be written as a b − c for positive integers a , b and c , where b is square free, find the value of their product a b c .
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why letting c = 1/sqrt(2)
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Since all i had did so far with L a T e X were Δ , ∠ ∩ … cope up with my latex abilities.
a n − b n = 3 n + n 2 − 1 − 2 ( n 2 + n − n 2 − n ) = 2 n + ( 2 ( n + 1 ) + 2 ( n − 1 ) ) + 2 2 n 2 − 1 − 2 2 n 2 n + 1 + n − 1 = [ 2 k − 2 k + 1 + k − 1 ] 2 Now you k all that cancellation and drama.
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Let c = 1 / 2 . Then ( 2 c n − c n + 1 − c n − 1 ) 2 = 4 c 2 n + c 2 ( n + 1 ) + c 2 ( n − 1 ) + 2 c 2 n 2 − 1 − 4 c 2 n 2 + n − 4 c 2 n 2 − n = 3 n + n 2 − 1 − 2 ( n 2 + n − n 2 − n ) = a n − b n . Note that the term in parentheses above is in fact positive (e.g. because the graph of y = x is concave down), so it's the positive square root of a n − b n .
Now, let S = ∑ k = 1 4 9 k . Then our sum is k = 1 ∑ 4 9 ( 2 c k − c k + 1 − c k − 1 ) = 2 c S − c ( S + 5 0 − 1 ) − c ( S − 7 ) = 8 c − c 5 0 = 4 2 − 5 , so the answer is 4 0 .