Find the real value of X > 1 such that N = 1 ∑ ∞ X N N = 9 1 0 .
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L e t X > 1 . ∑ N = 1 ∞ X N N = X 1 ∗ ( 1 + X 1 + X 2 1 + . . . ) + X 2 1 ∗ ( 1 + X 1 + X 2 1 + . . ) + . . . = X − 1 X * X 1 ∗ X − 1 X = ( X − 1 ) 2 X = 9 1 0 ⟹ 1 0 x 2 − 2 9 x + 1 0 = 0 ⟹ X = 5 / 2 , 2 / 5 . F o r X > 1 t h e p o s i t i v e s e r i e s ∑ N = 1 ∞ X N N c o n v e r g e s ∴ c h o o s e X = 5 / 2 .
∑ N = 1 ∞ X N N = x 1 + x 2 2 + x 3 3 + . . . = 9 1 0
x 1 + ( x 2 1 + x 2 1 ) + ( x 3 1 + x 3 1 + x 3 1 ) + . . . = 9 1 0
( x 1 + x 2 1 + x 3 1 + . . . ) + ( x 2 1 + x 3 1 + x 4 1 + . . . ) + ( x 3 1 + x 4 1 + x 5 1 + . . . ) + . . . . = 9 1 0
1 − x 1 x 1 + 1 − x 1 x 2 1 + 1 − x 1 x 3 1 + . . . = 9 1 0
x 1 + x 2 1 + x 3 1 + . . . = 9 1 0 ( 1 − x 1 ) E P M D
1 − x 1 x 1 = 9 1 0 ( 1 − x 1 )
After a little simplification, the equation becomes a quadratic equation with roots 5 2 , 2 5 . We take x = 2 5 since x > 1 is specified in the question.
Why not 0.4?
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Since the question says that x must be more than 1 . Since 0 . 4 is lesser than 1 , it cannot be a solution.
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N = 1 ∑ ∞ x N d x d N = 1 ∑ ∞ x N N = 1 ∑ ∞ N x N − 1 N = 1 ∑ ∞ N x N N = 1 ∑ ∞ X N N ⟹ ( 1 − x ) 2 x 9 x 1 0 x 2 − 2 9 x + 1 0 ( 5 x − 2 ) ( 2 x − 5 ) ⟹ x X = 1 − x x = d x d ( 1 − x x ) = ( 1 − x ) 2 1 = ( 1 − x ) 2 x = ( 1 − X 1 ) 2 X 1 = 9 1 0 = 1 0 ( 1 − x ) 2 = 0 = 0 = 5 2 = 2 5 = 2 . 5 for x < 1 Differentiate both sides w.r.t x Multiply both sides with x Putting x = X 1 Note that x < 1