Summing Conditional Products

Calculus Level 5

lim n a b c d e n 10 = A B \lim_{n \to \infty} \dfrac{\displaystyle\sum abcde}{n^{10}}=\dfrac{A}{B}

subject to the condition that 1 a b c d e n 1 \leq a \leq b \leq c \leq d \leq e \leq n . Find A + B A+B .

Note : A , B \textbf{Note :} \ A,B are co-prime integers. The answer is exact, not an approximation.


The answer is 3841.

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3 solutions

Adit Mohan
Nov 4, 2014

since we have to find the limit when n goes to infinity, we need only consider the highest degree term of the numerator.
had the condition a<b<c<d<e not been imposed the sum would have been.
( 1 + 2 + 3.. n ) 5 {(1+2+3..n)}^{5} . (notice when opened this gets all the five-tuples of integers less than n). = ( n ( n + 1 ) ) 5 {(n(n+1))}^{5} / 2 5 2^{5} .
for n goes to infinity when the above expression is expanded most of the tuples will be repeated 5!=120 times. the number of terms not repeated will be of lower order.
thus the n 10 n^{10} term of the numerator is n 10 n^{10} /(32*120).
thusA/B=1/3840.


You can justify your claim using Riemann Sums -

The problem is equivalent to finding 0 1 0 z 0 y 0 x 0 w v w x y z d v d w d x d y d z \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{z} \int_{0}^{y} \int_{0}^{x} \int_{0}^{w} vwxyz \ \mathrm{d} v \ \mathrm{d} w \ \mathrm{d} x \ \mathrm{d} y \ \mathrm{d} z

Pratik Shastri - 6 years, 7 months ago

Can I use Vieta's in ( x 1 ) 5 ( x 2 ) 5 ( x 3 ) 5 . . . . ( x n ) 5 (x-1)^{5}(x-2)^{5}(x-3)^{5}....(x-n)^{5} to get sum of its roots which would be equal to its numerator?

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 6 months ago
Hunter Killer
Jan 6, 2015

This is not an interesting solution but I think it is natural to think about.

Just similar to do multivariable intergral. We sum over the range of 1 variable and keep other variables unchanged. (For multivariable calculus, we care about limit of intergration. Here we care about the summing range of variables ) Do the summation 5 times, we get:

n ( 1 + n ) ( 240 n + 292 n 2 + 1828 n 3 + 2227 n 4 + 1240 n 5 + 358 n 6 + 52 n 7 + 3 n 8 ) 11520 n 10 \frac{n (1 + n) (-240 n + 292 n^2 + 1828 n^3 + 2227 n^4 + 1240 n^5 + 358 n^6 + 52 n^7 + 3 n^8)}{11520 n^{10}}

Clearly, we get

A = 1 A=1 and B = 3840 B=3840 .

Hence,

A + B = 3841 A+B=\boxed{3841}

Akshay Bodhare
Dec 2, 2014

we can also use newton's sums to get a general expression in n and then apply limits,or we can apply limits when we think we are close to the answer,we actually don't have to get the entire expression

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