3 9 9 − 7 0 2 If the value of the above expression can be expressed in the form of x − y for positive integers x and y , find the value of x + y .
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Let b = 3 9 9 − 7 0 2 and a = 3 9 9 + 7 0 2 . Then, we are going to find a + b and a b .
a b = 3 ( 9 9 + 7 0 2 ) ( 9 9 − 7 0 2 ) = 3 9 8 0 1 − 9 8 0 0 = 1
Now let x = a + b , we know that x ∈ R , so let's cube both sides:
x 3 = a 3 + b 3 + 3 a b ( a + b )
x 3 = 9 9 + 7 0 2 + 9 9 − 7 0 2 + 3 ( 1 ) x
x 3 = 3 x + 1 9 8 ⟹ x 3 − 3 x − 1 9 8 = 0
By the rational root test we find that the only real root is x = 6 , so a + b = 6 .
Finally, we can find a − b knowing that a − b > 0 :
a − b = ( a + b ) 2 − 4 a b = 6 2 − 4 ( 1 ) = 4 2
Then, b = 2 ( a + b ) − ( a − b ) = 2 6 − 4 2 = 3 − 2 2 = 3 − 8
Comparing we get x = 3 and y = 8 , so the final answer is x + y = 1 1 .
We can try two thing 2 and 8 for y because it can't be any thing else
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Proposition: If 3 a + b = x + y ,then 3 a − b = x − y
Proof : a + b = x 3 + y y + 3 x 2 y + 3 x y Equating rational,irrational parts,we get a = x 3 + 3 x y , b = 3 x 2 y + y y ⟹ a − b = x 3 − 3 x 2 y + 3 x y − y y = ( x − y ) 3 ∴ 3 a − b = a − b
Now we have 3 9 9 − 7 0 2 = x − y , 3 9 9 + 7 0 2 = x + y . Multiply both the equations to get, x 2 − y = 3 9 9 2 − 7 0 2 ⋅ 2 = 3 9 8 0 1 − 9 8 0 0 = 3 1 = 1 ∴ y = x 2 − 1 … . ( 1 ) Now cube our original equation to get 9 9 − 7 0 2 = x 3 + 3 x y − y y − 3 x 2 y Equating rational parts we get 9 9 = x 3 + 3 x y .Then by equation ( 1 ) ,we have 9 9 = x 3 + 3 x ( x 2 − 1 ) ⟹ x ( 4 x 2 − 3 ) = 9 9 By trial we find x = 3 .By x ,we get y = 8 . ∴ x + y = 1 1 .