A football-shaped surface is obtained by rotating a circular arc about the corresponding chord.
The radius of the arc is and its angle measure is
What is the area of the football-shaped surface to the nearest integer?
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We parametrize the surface with ϕ = − θ / 2 to ϕ = + θ / 2 from bottom to top. Each infinitesimal step d ϕ contributes a circular ring of radius r ( ϕ ) = R cos ϕ − R cos 2 θ . The height of the ring (measured along the surface) is d h = R d ϕ . Thus d A = 2 π r ( θ ) d h = 2 π R 2 ( cos ϕ − cos 2 θ ) d ϕ . We calculate A = 2 π R 2 ∫ − θ / 2 θ / 2 ( cos ϕ − cos 2 θ ) d ϕ = 2 π R 2 [ sin ϕ − ϕ cos 2 θ ] − θ / 2 θ / 2 = 4 π R 2 ( sin 2 θ − 2 θ cos 2 θ ) . With the given values, A = 4 π R 2 ( 2 1 3 − 3 π ⋅ 2 1 ) = 1 2 5 7 ⋅ 0 . 3 4 2 4 = 4 3 0 .