Surface Area of Football

Calculus Level 5

A football-shaped surface is obtained by rotating a circular arc about the corresponding chord.

The radius of the arc is R = 10 R = 10 and its angle measure is θ = 12 0 . \theta = 120^\circ.

What is the area of the football-shaped surface to the nearest integer?


The answer is 430.

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1 solution

We parametrize the surface with ϕ = θ / 2 \phi = -\theta/2 to ϕ = + θ / 2 \phi = +\theta/2 from bottom to top. Each infinitesimal step d ϕ d\phi contributes a circular ring of radius r ( ϕ ) = R cos ϕ R cos θ 2 . r(\phi) = R\cos\phi - R\cos \frac\theta 2. The height of the ring (measured along the surface) is d h = R d ϕ dh = R\:d\phi . Thus d A = 2 π r ( θ ) d h = 2 π R 2 ( cos ϕ cos θ 2 ) d ϕ . dA = 2\pi r(\theta)dh = 2\pi R^2\left(\cos \phi - \cos \frac\theta 2\right)\:d\phi. We calculate A = 2 π R 2 θ / 2 θ / 2 ( cos ϕ cos θ 2 ) d ϕ = 2 π R 2 [ sin ϕ ϕ cos θ 2 ] θ / 2 θ / 2 A = 2\pi R^2 \int_{-\theta/2}^{\theta/2} \left(\cos\phi - \cos \frac\theta 2\right)\:d\phi = 2\pi R^2 \left[\sin\phi - \phi\cos\frac\theta 2\right]_{-\theta/2}^{\theta/2} = 4 π R 2 ( sin θ 2 θ 2 cos θ 2 ) . = 4\pi R^2\left(\sin\frac \theta 2 - \frac \theta 2 \cos\frac\theta 2\right). With the given values, A = 4 π R 2 ( 1 2 3 π 3 1 2 ) = 1257 0.3424 = 430 . A = 4\pi R^2\left(\frac12\sqrt 3 - \frac \pi 3\cdot \frac 1 2\right) = 1257\cdot 0.3424 = \boxed{430}.

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