Find the flux A over the surface region of the sphere of radius 5, centred in origin, limited by the plans z = 3 and z = − 4 , where the field is: F ( x , y , z ) = ( I y , I − x + 7 y , − 7 z )
I = ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + z 2
For that, do you will need to find the flux over the torus of radius R = 4 and r = ϵ , centred in origin, and make the limit:
B = ϵ → 0 lim ∫ ∫ T F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n i n ^ d S .
Your answer for A should be something like:
A = a π + ϵ → 0 lim ( b π 2 ϵ 2 )
Submit a + b as your answer.
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Relevant wiki: surface integral
First we need to evaluate the divergent of F ( x , y , z ) , making:
∇ ⋅ F ( x , y , z ) = ( ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + z 2 ) 3 x 2 + y 2 x y ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) − ( ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + z 2 ) 3 x 2 + y 2 y x ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) + 7 − 7 = 0
So by Divergence theorem, we have:
∫ ∫ ∫ R ∇ ⋅ F ( x , y , z ) d x d y d z = ∫ ∫ S F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n S ^ d S S + ∫ ∫ T 1 F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n T 1 ^ d S T 1 + ∫ ∫ T 2 F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n T 2 ^ d S T 2 ( 1 )
Where the surface S represent the region of the sphere limited by the plans, T 1 represents the intersection of the upper plan ( z = 3 ) with the sphere and T 2 represents the intersection of the lower plan ( z = − 4 ) with the sphere. But we doesn't can use the divergence theorem in this case because the flux, F ( x , y , z ) , don't are limited in the region R. But, for the validity of the equation 1 we can make a improper surface integral around of the non limited region of the flux. So, we need add this for the right side of the equation 1:
lim ϵ → 0 ∫ ∫ T F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n i n ^ d S .
Where n i n ^ is oriented for inside of the torus. And now we can calculate the flux over A, for the region T 1 , the n T 1 ^ = ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) and for the region T 2 the n T 2 ^ = ( 0 , 0 , − 1 ) , so we have:
∫ ∫ T 1 F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n T 1 ^ d S T 1 + ∫ ∫ T 2 F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n T 2 ^ d S T 2 = ∫ ∫ T 1 − 7 ( 3 ) d S + ∫ ∫ T 2 − ( − 7 ) ( − 4 ) d S
= − ( 2 1 ( π ( 5 2 − 3 2 ) ) + 2 8 ( π ( 5 2 − 4 2 ) ) ) = − 5 8 8 π
For find the flux of the torus, we need to use his parametric equation:
σ ( u , v ) = ( ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) c o s u , ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) s i n u , ϵ s i n v )
So, getting the opposite normal vector of this curve we have:
∫ ∫ T F ( x , y , z ) ⋅ n i n ^ = ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 2 π ( ( ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + z 2 ) − ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) 2 s i n u c o s u c o s v ϵ ) + ( ( ( 4 − x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + z 2 ) ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) 2 s i n u c o s u c o s v ϵ + 7 ( ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) 2 ( s i n u ) 2 c o s v ϵ ) + ( − 7 ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) ϵ 2 ( s i n v ) 2 ) d v d u
= ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 2 π + 7 ( ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) 2 ( s i n u ) 2 c o s v ϵ ) + ( − 7 ( 4 − ϵ c o s v ) ϵ 2 ( s i n v ) 2 ) d v d u = − 1 1 2 π 2 ϵ 2
So,
A = 5 8 8 π + lim ϵ → 0 ( 1 1 2 π 2 ϵ 2 ) = 5 8 8 π
And,
a + b = 5 8 8 + 1 1 2 = 7 0 0
OFF: I think that is it. Sounds me cool make de k component of the flux be proportional a ϵ 2 z , in this way may the flux of the torus be some number different of zero. But, it's hard make the divergent be zero in this case.