It is afternoon tea time in England. This afternoon, I have a selection of 8 different (and delicious) biscuits to enjoy with my afternoon tea. I can have as many of these 8 biscuits as I want. In how many different ways can I possibly eat the biscuits with my tea this afternoon?
Details and assumptions:
I may have no biscuits if I want.
The order in which I eat the biscuits matters.
I don't actually enjoy tea.
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Here is a fun solution.
Let's suppose we have n distinct biscuits. How many different ways can we make a sequence of biscuits to eat using any of our n biscuits only once? .
Let P ( n , k ) denote the number of ways of choosing k biscuits to eat in order. We have a total of n choices for the first biscuit to eat and a total of n − 1 ways of choosing the second biscuit to eat (sine we ate the first one) and ... ( n − ( k − 1 ) ) ways of choosing the k t h biscuit. So P ( n , k ) = n × ( n − 1 ) × . . . × ( n − ( k − 1 ) ) = ( n − k ) ! n ! .
Now since we can choose to eat any 0 ≤ k ≤ n we have to add up all the possible P ( n , k ) for valid values of k . So let number of ways we can eat n distinct biscuits be denoted B ( n ) . It follows that B ( n ) = k = 0 ∑ k = n ( n − k ) ! n ! .
Plugging in 8 into the formula B ( n ) gives us B ( 8 ) = 1 0 9 6 0 1 which is our answer.