Taking the biscuit!

It is afternoon tea time in England. This afternoon, I have a selection of 8 different (and delicious) biscuits to enjoy with my afternoon tea. I can have as many of these 8 biscuits as I want. In how many different ways can I possibly eat the biscuits with my tea this afternoon?

Details and assumptions:

  • I may have no biscuits if I want.

  • The order in which I eat the biscuits matters.

  • I don't actually enjoy tea.


The answer is 109601.

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1 solution

Here is a fun solution.

Let's suppose we have n n distinct biscuits. How many different ways can we make a sequence of biscuits to eat using any of our n n biscuits only once? .

Let P ( n , k ) P(n,k) denote the number of ways of choosing k k biscuits to eat in order. We have a total of n n choices for the first biscuit to eat and a total of n 1 n-1 ways of choosing the second biscuit to eat (sine we ate the first one) and ... ( n ( k 1 ) ) (n - (k-1)) ways of choosing the k t h k^{th} biscuit. So P ( n , k ) = n × ( n 1 ) × . . . × ( n ( k 1 ) ) = n ! ( n k ) ! . P(n,k) = n\times(n-1)\times ...\times (n - (k-1)) = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}.

Now since we can choose to eat any 0 k n 0\le k \le n we have to add up all the possible P ( n , k ) P(n,k) for valid values of k k . So let number of ways we can eat n n distinct biscuits be denoted B ( n ) B(n) . It follows that B ( n ) = k = 0 k = n n ! ( n k ) ! . B(n) = \sum_{k = 0}^{k = n} \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}.

Plugging in 8 8 into the formula B ( n ) B(n) gives us B ( 8 ) = 109601 B(8) = 109601 which is our answer.

Note that :

  • It can be proved by induction that B ( n ) = n B ( n 1 ) + 1 B(n) = n B(n-1) + 1 .

  • P ( n , k ) P(n,k) is the permutation formula (I didn't want to assume people already knew this).

    • If I wanted to never repeat a way I've eaten the biscuits before each day, having those 8 8 biscuits would last me around 300 300 years of new ways to enjoy afternoon tea!

Roberto Nicolaides - 5 years, 8 months ago

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The facts are awesome :D

Satyajit Mohanty - 5 years, 8 months ago

Awesome solution!

Harsh Khatri - 5 years, 2 months ago

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