Let A B C be a triangle with sides A B = 7 , B C = 1 1 and C A = 1 2 , and let ω a be the circle tangent to A B , A C at the points D , E and internally tangent to the circumscribed circle ⊙ A B C . What is the length of the segment A D ?
Details and Assumptions
Assuming that the length of the segment A D is the simple fraction b a , type the sum a + b as your answer.
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I shall show a quick solution via flip inversion: We invert the diagram wrt circle centered at A with radius A B ⋅ A C , and then reflect it across the A -angle bisector. Then B would map to C , C would map to B , line A B maps to line A C , line A C maps to line A B , and the circumcircle of A B C is mapped to line B C . Tangency is preserved so ω A would map to the A -excircle and suppose its tangency point with line B C , C A , A B well be X , Y , Z respectively. Note that D , E map to Y , Z respectively. Then A B + A X = A B + B Z = A Z = A Y = A C + C Y = A C + C X , so we know the length of A to X along the perimeter of triangle A B C will be half the perimeter i.e. 1 5 , which is also the length of line segment A Y . Now by inversion A Y ⋅ A D = A B ⋅ A C = 8 4 and hence A D = 5 2 8 and the answer is 3 3 .
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A synthetic solution:
Let X be point of tangency of both circles. Let Y and Z be midpoints of minor arcs A B and A C respectively. Now Y X ∩ A B = D , A C ∩ Z X = E , and Z B ∩ Y C = I where I is incenter of △ A B C . Thus Pascal's on cyclic hexagon A C Y X Z B implies points D , I , E collinear.
From this it becomes a routine length chase. A D = A E and A I ⊥ D E so we can construct P as shown in the diagram and we have r = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) = 5 3 2 and A P = 2 A B + A C − B C = 4 . so A I 2 = r 2 + A P 2 = 5 1 1 2 = A P ⋅ A E = 4 A D .
Thus A D = 5 2 8 , and 2 8 + 5 = 3 3 .