Tangential right trapezoid

Geometry Level 2

A circle is inscribed in a right trapezoid with base lengths 22 and 35.

What is the area of this trapezoid?


The answer is 770.

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13 solutions

Jeremy Galvagni
Sep 7, 2018

Let x x be the radius. Then E C = 22 x EC=22-x , F D = 35 x FD=35-x , C H = 13 CH=13 , H D = 2 x HD=2x .

By congruent triangles, C G = 22 x CG=22-x and G D = 35 x GD=35-x , so C D = 57 2 x CD=57-2x .

By right triangle C H D CHD we have 1 3 2 + ( 2 x ) 2 = ( 57 2 x ) 2 13^{2}+(2x)^{2}=(57-2x)^{2}

Solving gives x = 770 57 x=\frac{770}{57}

And so the area sought is 1 2 ( 2 x ) ( 22 + 35 ) = 770 \frac{1}{2} \cdot (2x) \cdot (22+35) = \boxed{770}

Same solution, great job Sir!

Kelvin Hong - 2 years, 8 months ago

I understand that a quadrilateral with just one pair of sides parallel is a trapezium, and something ending "-oid" is a 3-dimensional solid. .Or are things different on the other (Trump-infested) side of the pond?

A Former Brilliant Member - 2 years, 8 months ago

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The suffix -oid means "resembling" or "in the form of." That's why the 3D analog of a 2D shape sometimes does this (ellipse, ellipsoid) but other -oid shapes are 2D (epicycloid)

My guess is that trapezium referred to a specific real object and some people began using the same word for the shape and some used the suffix -oid.

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 8 months ago

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1234567890

Runa Khan - 2 years, 8 months ago

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Dennis Rodman - 2 years, 8 months ago

That's how I solved it too.

Nancy Rose - 2 years, 8 months ago

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1234567890

Runa Khan - 2 years, 8 months ago

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Runa --- what is the significance of 1234567890 here ? :-)

Jesse Otis - 2 years, 8 months ago

Clever, short and simple!

Daniel Podobinski - 2 years, 8 months ago

Very impressed couldn’t figure .Frugal (or area) of a cone like pi unknown... I thought if had an angle or a slanted bottom? Would there be a constant? definite solution.

Lee M - 2 years, 8 months ago

Is this just a coincidence that 22 x 35 = 770 ?

Ivo Drinković - 2 years, 8 months ago

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Algebraically, it's definitely not a coincidence. If we let a = 22 a=22 and b = 35 b=35 , then the Pythagorean theorem on C H D CHD becomes ( a b ) 2 + 4 x 2 = ( ( a + b ) 2 x ) 2 (a-b)^2+4x^2=((a+b)-2x)^2 . Expanding the RHS and simplifying yields ( a b ) 2 ( a + b ) 2 = 4 ( a + b ) x (a-b)^2-(a+b)^2=-4(a+b)x . So x = a b a + b x=\frac{ab}{a+b} .

This also implies that the area of any right trapezoid in which a circle can be drawn tangent to all four sides is the product of the two bases, which is an interesting formula.

Zain Majumder - 2 years, 8 months ago

Let r r be the radius of the circle and E E , F F and G G tangential points, so: O E B = O G C = 90 ° \angle OEB = \angle OGC = 90° . Since the center of a circle inscribed in an angle lies on its bisector:

E B O = F B O = 1 2 E B F \angle EBO = \angle FBO = \dfrac{1}{2} \angle EBF and F C O = G C O = 1 2 F C G \angle FCO = \angle GCO = \dfrac{1}{2} \angle FCG .

Also, since E B F + F C G = 180 ° \angle EBF + \angle FCG = 180° : C O G = 90 ° G C O = 90 ° 1 2 F C G = 180 ° F C G 2 = 1 2 E B F = E B O \angle COG = 90° - \angle GCO = 90° - \dfrac{1}{2} \angle FCG = \dfrac{180° - \angle FCG}{2} = \dfrac{1}{2} \angle EBF = \angle EBO

So, triangles E B O \triangle EBO and G O C \triangle GOC are similar, which means: C G O E = O G B E \dfrac{CG}{OE} = \dfrac{OG}{BE} \Rightarrow 22 r r = r 35 r \dfrac{22 - r}{r} = \dfrac{r}{35 - r} .

Solving this equation gives us r = 770 57 r = \dfrac{770}{57}

Area of the trapezoid is: A B + C D 2 A D = 22 + 35 2 2 r = 57 2 770 2 57 = 770 \dfrac{AB + CD}{2}*AD = \dfrac{22 + 35}{2}2r = \dfrac{57*2*770}{2*57} = \boxed{770}

Is this just a coincidence that 22 x 35 = 770 ?

Ivo Drinković - 2 years, 8 months ago

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Wow, no.

C G O E = O G B E C D r r = r A B r \dfrac{CG}{OE} = \dfrac{OG}{BE} \Rightarrow \dfrac{CD - r}{r} = \dfrac{r}{AB - r}

so

A B C D = ( A B + C D ) r AB\cdot CD = (AB + CD)r

but at the same time area is

A B + C D 2 2 r = ( A B + C D ) r \dfrac{AB + CD}{2} 2 r = (AB + CD) r

so area is A B C D AB\cdot CD

Rafał Zięba - 2 years, 8 months ago
Peter Macgregor
Sep 17, 2018

Let the sloping line on the right hand side have length L and the diameter of the circle be D.

Pitot's theorem states that each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral with an in-circle sum to the same total! So

D + L = 57 ( 1 ) D+L=57 \dots(1)

An easy application of Pythagoras gives

D 2 + 1 3 2 = L 2 ( L D ) ( L + D ) = 169 D^{2}+13^{2}=L^{2} \\ \implies (L-D)(L+D)=169

Substitute from (1) to get

L D = 169 57 L-D=\frac{169}{57}

Subtract this from (1) and divide by 2 to get

D = 1540 57 D=\frac{1540}{57}

Which gives the area of the trapezium as

1 2 ( 22 + 35 ) 1540 57 = 770 \frac{1}{2}(22 + 35)\frac{1540}{57}=770

Nice solution!

Jacopo Piccione - 2 years, 8 months ago
Nibedan Mukherjee
Sep 15, 2018

1234567890

Runa Khan - 2 years, 8 months ago
Arjen Vreugdenhil
Sep 16, 2018

Let R R be the radius of the circle. Let the lengths of top and bottom bases be a ± b a \pm b ; in this case, a = 28 1 2 a = 28\tfrac12 and b = 6 1 2 b = -6\tfrac12 . Then the area of the trapezoid is A = 2 a R A = 2aR .

Choose a coordinate system with the origin O O at the center of the circle. The two vertices on the right then have coordinates V ± = ( a ± b , ± R ) V_\pm = (a \pm b, \pm R) . The point of tangency between these vertices has coordinates T ( a R + b x , R x ) T\ (a-R+bx,Rx) for some 1 < x < + 1 -1 < x < +1 . The segment O T OT satisfies two conditions:

  • its length is R R , i.e. ( a R + b x ) 2 + ( R x ) 2 = R 2 ; (a-R+bx)^2 + (Rx)^2 = R^2;

  • it is perpendicular to the side V V + V_{-}V_{+} , i.e. the vectors ( a R + b x , R x ) (a-R+bx,Rx) and ( b , R ) (b,R) are perpendicular: ( a R + b x ) b + R 2 x = 0. (a-R+bx)b + R^2x = 0.

We multiply the second equation by x x and subtract it from the first to obtain ( a R ) ( a R + b x ) = R 2 ; (a-R)(a-R+bx) = R^2; substituting this again into the second equation, we get ( a R + b x ) ( b + ( a R ) x ) = 0. (a-R+bx)(b+(a-R)x) = 0. This implies x = b / ( a R ) x = -b/(a-R) , and our third equation becomes R 2 = ( a R ) 2 b 2 2 a R = a 2 b 2 R = ( a + b ) ( a b ) 2 a . R^2 = (a-R)^2 - b^2\ \ \ \therefore\ \ \ 2aR = a^2 - b^2\ \ \ \therefore\ \ \ R = \frac{(a+b)(a-b)}{2a}. Finally, the area is A = 2 a R = ( a + b ) ( a b ) = 22 35 = 770 . A = 2aR = (a+b)(a-b) = 22\cdot 35 = \boxed{770}.

Astounding. :-)

Jesse Otis - 2 years, 8 months ago
Kevin Higby
Sep 19, 2018

For any right trapezoid with an inscribed circle that touches all four sides, the area is equal to the product of the two widths of the trapezoid.

22 x 35 = 770

Do you know of any proofs of that statement of yours?

C . - 2 years, 8 months ago
Binky Mh
Sep 16, 2018

By comparing angles, we can see that right-triangle B A O \triangle BAO is the same shape as O C D \triangle OCD

We know that O C OC and A O AO both equal the radius r r , and by extension, C D = 35 r CD=35-r and B A = 22 r BA=22-r .

As the two triangles are proportionate, the ratio B A : A O BA:AO is the same as O C : C D OC:CD . From this, we can work out the radius:

22 r r = r 35 r \frac{22-r}{r}=\frac{r}{35-r}

r 2 = ( 22 r ) ( 35 r ) r^2=(22-r)(35-r)

r 2 = 770 57 r + r 2 r^2=770-57r+r^2

0 = 770 57 r 0=770-57r

57 r = 770 57r=770

r = 770 57 r=\frac{770}{57}

And so the area is 1 2 × ( 2 × 770 57 ) × ( 35 + 22 ) = 770 \frac{1}{2}\times(2 \times \frac{770}{57})\times(35+22)=\boxed{770}

Aubrey Jones
Sep 18, 2018

This may have been completely coincidental, but I just took the two given lengths and multiplied them together. So 22(35) = 770

It's not coincidental at all.

If you take Jeremy Galvagni's solution and substitute with variables 'a' and 'b' for the lengths 22 and 35 you will find the area is indeed 'ab'.

Richard Jozefowski - 2 years, 8 months ago
Caroline Avila
Sep 18, 2018

The area of a convex poligon can be found by S=p.r , where p represents half the perimeter and r is the radius of the inscribed circle. Moreover, the Area of any trapezoid is also A = ( b + B) .h/2, where B is the 'bigger' base, b the smaller one and h the hight, which in this case equals to twice the radius.
So : p.r = (22+35) .(2r)/2 p= 57 If we close a rectangle triangle by connecting the furthest right point of the smaller base to it's projection on the bigger base, we are gonna have the triangle with sides 13, h and √(13²+h²). With that, we have: Perimeter = 22+ 35 + h + √(13²+h²) = 2p 57 + h + √(13²+h²) = 2. 57 => √(13²+h²) = 57-h => 169 + h²= 57² - 114h + h² => 114h = 3249-169 => h = 1540/57

By using this result above, we have: S=(22+35) .h/2 => S= (57 . 1540)/ (2. 57) => S= 1540/2 => S= 770

Rocco Dalto
Sep 23, 2018

( 57 2 r ) 2 = ( 2 r ) 2 + 169 3249 228 r = 169 r = 770 57 (57 - 2r)^2 = (2r)^2 + 169 \implies 3249 -228r = 169 \implies r = \dfrac{770}{57} \implies

Tha area of the trapezoid A e = 57 r = 770 A_{e} = 57r = \boxed{770} .

Peter Thomas
Sep 20, 2018

Let us consider the radius of the circle to r. Let the parallel sides of the trapezium be a and b.

We can use Harmonic mean (HM) to find the radius. HM = r = ab/a+b

Area of the trapezium being 1/2 * h * (a+b) where we can equate h = 2r

Solving by substituting the value of a we get Really of eight tangential trapezoid to be the product of the parallel sides (i.e) ab

Hence A = 22*35 = 770

Dominic Boggio
Sep 20, 2018

Above is someone else's work for solving for the radius of an inscribed circle for a right trapezoid/trapezium.

Our radius in this case is (22*35)/57

Next: The formula for the area of a trapezoid is 0.5*(b 1+b 2)*h.

b_1 = 22

b_2 = 35

h = 2*r = 2*(22*35)/57

Therefore: A = 0.5*(57)*2*(22*35)/57

Since 0.5*2 and 57/57 are both 1, our area is just 22*35 = 770.

Nicolas Guignes
Sep 20, 2018

It can be proved that the area equals the product of the lengths of the parallel sides. I wonder if there exists a visual proof...

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