Tangents

Geometry Level 3

On the Cartesian Plane, a circle centered at ( 1 , 1 ) (1,1) is tangent to the axes. A line whose y y -intercept and slope have the same value P > 0 P>0 is drawn and is tangent to the circle. What is the value of 15 P 16 \dfrac{15P}{16} ?


The answer is 1.25.

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2 solutions

Grant Bulaong
Aug 28, 2016

Since the circle is tangent to the axes, it has radius 1 an equation ( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 1 ) 2 = 1 (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=1 . Let P = 1 k P=\dfrac{1}{k} . The line has equation y = x + 1 k y=\dfrac{x+1}{k} . This gives x 1 = k y 2 x-1=ky-2 . We have ( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 1 ) 2 = ( k y 2 ) 2 + ( y 1 ) 2 = y 2 ( k 2 + 1 ) y ( 4 k + 2 ) + 5 = 1 (x-1)^2+(y-1)^2=(ky-2)^2+(y-1)^2=y^2(k^2+1)-y(4k+2)+5=1 .

We know that the polynomial y 2 ( k 2 + 1 ) y ( 4 k + 2 ) + 4 = 0 y^2(k^2+1)-y(4k+2)+4=0 has real roots, therefore its discriminant is greater than or equal to zero. Since the line is tangent to the circle, we look for the greatest possible value of slope P = 1 k P=\dfrac{1}{k} ( ( 4 k + 2 ) ) 2 4 ( k 2 + 1 ) ( 4 ) 0 16 k 12 0 4 3 1 k = P \begin{aligned}(-(4k+2))^2-4(k^2+1)(4)\geq 0\\16k-12\geq 0\\ \dfrac{4}{3} \geq \dfrac{1}{k}=P\end{aligned}

Hence, our answer is 15 P 16 = 1.25 \dfrac{15P}{16}=\boxed{1.25} .

Interesting Fact: This problem can share a similar solution to this one.

Ahmad Saad
Jul 20, 2016

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