On the Cartesian Plane, a circle centered at is tangent to the axes. A line whose -intercept and slope have the same value is drawn and is tangent to the circle. What is the value of ?
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Since the circle is tangent to the axes, it has radius 1 an equation ( x − 1 ) 2 + ( y − 1 ) 2 = 1 . Let P = k 1 . The line has equation y = k x + 1 . This gives x − 1 = k y − 2 . We have ( x − 1 ) 2 + ( y − 1 ) 2 = ( k y − 2 ) 2 + ( y − 1 ) 2 = y 2 ( k 2 + 1 ) − y ( 4 k + 2 ) + 5 = 1 .
We know that the polynomial y 2 ( k 2 + 1 ) − y ( 4 k + 2 ) + 4 = 0 has real roots, therefore its discriminant is greater than or equal to zero. Since the line is tangent to the circle, we look for the greatest possible value of slope P = k 1 ( − ( 4 k + 2 ) ) 2 − 4 ( k 2 + 1 ) ( 4 ) ≥ 0 1 6 k − 1 2 ≥ 0 3 4 ≥ k 1 = P
Hence, our answer is 1 6 1 5 P = 1 . 2 5 .
Interesting Fact: This problem can share a similar solution to this one.