Teaser for Relativistic Electrodynamics

Consider this scenario as seen from inertial frame S : S:

The line charge extends to infinity to both left and right and has a finite, nonzero linear charge density which is constant throughout its length. The charges comprising the line charge are at rest, relative to S . S.

Two observers, Totoy and Ineng, are at the same distance away from the line charge and are moving to the right, relative to S . S. Totoy is moving at a speed of 0.5 c 0.5 c relative to S . S. Ineng is moving at a speed of 0.5 c 0.5 c relative to Totoy.

The magnitude of the electric field measured by Totoy is 1 V/m . 1\text{ V/m}. Let E E and B B be the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, measured by Ineng.

Let a / b , a/b, where a a and b b are positive coprime integers, equal the numerical value of E 2 + ( c B ) 2 E^2 + (c B)^2 in units of ( V / m ) 2 . (V/m)^2.

Determine a + b . a + b.


The answer is 53.

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1 solution

First, determine the velocity of Ineng relative to S, using Einstein velocity addition:

V i s = V i t + V t s 1 + V i t V t s / c 2 = 0.8 c Vis = \frac{Vit + Vts}{1 + Vit Vts / c^2} = 0.8 c

Suppose that the line charge has a linear charge density λ \lambda in S.

In an inertial frame X moving at a speed v relative to S, in a direction parallel to the line charge, the line charge will have linear charge density λ γ ( v ) \lambda \gamma (v) , due to length contraction.

Applying Gauss' Law and Ampere's Law in X, we obtain:

E ( v ) = λ γ ( v ) 2 π R ϵ E (v) = \frac{\lambda \gamma (v)}{2 \pi R \epsilon}

B ( v ) = μ v λ γ ( v ) 2 π R B (v) = \frac{\mu v \lambda \gamma (v)}{2 \pi R}

B ( v ) = v c 2 E ( v ) B (v) = \frac{v}{c^2} E (v)

Using the expression for the electric field, we can relate the observed electric field magnitudes in different inertial frames:

E ( 0 ) = 0.5 3 E ( 0.5 c ) = 0.6 E ( 0.8 c ) E (0) = 0.5 \sqrt{3} E (0.5 c) = 0.6 E (0.8 c)

Given that E ( 0.5 c ) = 1 V / m E (0.5c) = 1 V / m , we get, E ( 0.8 c ) = 2.5 3 V / m E (0.8 c) = \frac{2.5}{\sqrt{3}} V / m and c B ( 0.8 c ) = 2 3 V / m c B (0.8 c) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} V / m

These will yield a final answer of 53.

100+ views, only 1 managed to solve it...

Ramon Vicente Marquez - 2 years, 8 months ago

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