Given a positive integer , a sequence of (not necessarily distinct) positive integers is called "full" if it satisfies the property that: for each positive integer if the number appears in the sequence then so does such that the first occurrence of comes before the last occurrence of . For each how many full sequences are there?
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Here is a nice reference with an explicit description of a fairly straightforward bijection between full sequences and permutations of { 1 , … , n } . (Showing that it is a bijection is not completely trivial.)