8 1 ( 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 1 + 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 1 + 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 1 + 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 7 1 + ⋯ )
Find the value of the expression above.
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Another way is n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) 1 = 3 1 ( n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) 1 − ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) 1 )
Just a description of how to solve: 1) Partial fraction decomposition 2) Make use of telescoping property of resulting series
I solve in this way Let the kth term of the series be 1/((k)(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)) Here the trick is following So we have to apply partial fraction for the two factors only taking the largest and smallest factors . First Do the partial fraction of 1/((k)(k+3)) Note take the lower and Highest factors from the given factors.Here I took k and k+3. So we have 3/((k)(k+3)) =1/k - 1/(k+3) Hence 1/((k)(k+3) = (1/3){1/k -1/(k+3)} And Hence By Multiplying the above equation by 1/((k+1)(k+2 ) ) we have 1/((k)(k+3)(k+1)(k+2) =(1/3){1/((k)(k+1)(k+2)) - 1/((k+3)(k+1)(k+2))} Now Put k=1 ,2 ,3 ....and add telescopically We will get the Following Sum to infinity of the given Series will be = 81* (1/3){1/((1)(2)(3) - 1/((k+3)(k+1)(k+2))} Where k tends to infinity. As Here rest of the term gets cancelled out. =(81/3){1/((1)(2)(3) - 0} As the second term is Zero when k tends to infinity. So Sum to the infinity of the given Series is =81/((1)(2)(3)(3))=9/2=4.5 Hence Answer is 4.5
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Relevant wiki: Telescoping Series - Sum
Note that
( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) − k ( k + 3 ) = 2 k ( k + 3 ) 1 − ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) 1 = k ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) ( k + 3 ) 2 2 1 ( k ( k + 3 ) 1 − ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) 1 ) = k ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) ( k + 3 ) 1
Given expression divided by 8 1 is equivalent to
n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n k ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) ( k + 3 ) 1 = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n 2 1 ( k ( k + 3 ) 1 − ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) 1 ) = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n 2 1 { 3 1 ( k 1 − k + 3 1 ) − ( k + 1 1 − k + 2 1 ) } = 6 1 n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n ( k 1 − k + 3 1 ) − 2 1 n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n ( k + 1 1 − k + 2 1 ) = 6 1 ( 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 ) − 2 1 × 2 1 = 3 6 1 1 − 4 1 = 1 8 1
Since we divided the original expression by 8 1 , it's time we multiplied it back.
8 1 × 1 8 1 = 2 9 = 4 . 5