That m m Under The Radicals

Algebra Level 2

There exists a unique positive integer m m such that ( 1 + m ) n = 2 ( 1 + m ) n 1 + ( 1 + m ) n 2 \quad \left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^n=2\left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^{n-1}+\left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^{n-2} is an identity. Find m m .


The answer is 2.

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2 solutions

Hung Woei Neoh
Jun 22, 2016

( 1 + m ) n = 2 ( 1 + m ) n 1 + ( 1 + m ) n 2 ( 1 + m ) n 2 ( 1 + m ) n 1 ( 1 + m ) n 2 = 0 ( 1 + m ) n 2 ( ( 1 + m ) 2 2 ( 1 + m ) 1 ) = 0 (1+\sqrt{m})^n = 2(1+\sqrt{m})^{n-1} + (1+\sqrt{m})^{n-2}\\ (1+\sqrt{m})^n - 2(1+\sqrt{m})^{n-1} - (1+\sqrt{m})^{n-2} = 0\\ (1+\sqrt{m})^{n-2} \big((1+\sqrt{m})^2 - 2(1+\sqrt{m}) -1\big)=0

Now, note that for any positive integer m , 1 + m > 1 m, \;1+\sqrt{m} > 1

This means that ( 1 + m ) n 2 > 0 (1+\sqrt{m})^{n-2} >0 for any real value of n n

Since this factor cannot be 0 0 , it means that the other factor ( 1 + m ) 2 2 ( 1 + m ) 1 (1+\sqrt{m})^2 - 2(1+\sqrt{m}) -1 must be 0 0

( 1 + m ) 2 2 ( 1 + m ) 1 = 0 1 + 2 m + m 2 2 m 1 = 0 m 2 = 0 m = 2 (1+\sqrt{m})^2 - 2(1+\sqrt{m}) -1=0\\ 1+2\sqrt{m}+m -2 - 2\sqrt{m}-1=0\\ m-2=0\\ m=\boxed{2}

Roberto Gallotta
Jun 20, 2016

Since the identity has to be true for any n n value, we can choose n = 2 n = 2 . The identity becomes: ( 1 + m ) 2 = 2 ( 1 + m ) 1 + ( 1 + m ) 0 \left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^2=2\left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^{1}+\left(1+\sqrt{m}\right)^{0} = + m + 2 m = 2 + 2 m + = \not{1} + m + \cancel{2\sqrt{m}} = 2 + \cancel{2\sqrt{m}} + \not{1} m = 2 \Rightarrow m = \boxed{2}

Typo: 2 m \cancel{2\sqrt{m}}

Hung Woei Neoh - 4 years, 11 months ago

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Thank you, unfortunately I'm pretty new to LaTeX so I was using the \not command instead of the \cancel.

Roberto Gallotta - 4 years, 11 months ago

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