That's Tricky #1

Algebra Level 3

What if we join log and algebra ? Solve for x:

x 2 7 x + 10 + 9 log 4 x 8 2 x + 14 x 20 2 x 2 13 \sqrt { x^{ 2 }-7x+10 } +\quad 9\log _{ 4 }{ \frac { x }{ 8 } } \ge 2x+\sqrt { 14x-20-2x^{ 2 } } -13

Note: This is not an original question.


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Note first that 14 x 20 2 x 2 = 2 ( x 2 7 x + 10 ) = 2 y . 14x - 20 - 2x^{2} = -2(x^{2} - 7x + 10) = -2y. So for both 2 y \sqrt{-2y} and y \sqrt{y} to be real we must have that

y = x 2 7 x + 10 = ( x 2 ) ( x 5 ) = 0 x = 2 y = x^{2} - 7x + 10 = (x - 2)(x - 5) = 0 \Longrightarrow x = 2 or x = 5. x = 5.

With x = 2 x = 2 we have that 9 log 4 ( x 8 ) = 9 log 4 ( 1 4 ) = 9 , 9\log_{4}(\frac{x}{8}) = 9\log_{4}(\frac{1}{4}) = -9, and that 2 x 13 = 4 13 = 9. 2x - 13 = 4 - 13 = -9. Thus x = 2 x = 2 satisfies the given inequality.

With x = 5 x = 5 we have that 9 log 4 ( x 8 ) = 9 ( log ( 5 ) log ( 4 ) log 4 ( 8 ) ) = 9 ( 1 log ( 2 ) 2 log ( 2 ) log 4 ( 4 3 2 ) ) = 9\log_{4}(\frac{x}{8}) = 9\left(\dfrac{\log(5)}{\log(4)} - \log_{4}(8)\right) = 9\left(\dfrac{1 - \log(2)}{2\log(2)} - \log_{4}(4^{\frac{3}{2}})\right) =

9 ( 1 2 log 2 1 2 3 2 ) = 9 2 log ( 2 ) 18 , 9\left(\dfrac{1}{2\log{2}} - \dfrac{1}{2} - \dfrac{3}{2}\right) = \dfrac{9}{2\log(2)} - 18,

where log \log is base 10. 10. Now log ( 2 ) = 0.30103... \log(2) = 0.30103... is just slightly more than 3 10 , \dfrac{3}{10}, and thus

9 2 log ( 2 ) 18 < 9 2 3 10 18 = 15 18 = 3. \dfrac{9}{2\log(2)} - 18 \lt \dfrac{9}{2*\frac{3}{10}} - 18 = 15 - 18 = -3.

But for x = 5 x = 5 we have that 2 x 13 = 10 13 = 3 , 2x - 13 = 10 - 13 = -3, and thus x = 5 x = 5 does not satisfy the given inequality.

(We could have just used a calculator for this last case, but where's the challenge in that. We did use the value for log ( 2 ) , \log(2), but this should be relatively familiar.)

We thus can conclude that x = 2 x = \boxed{2} is the unique value satisfying the given inequality.

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