The Brilliant Set - 1729 Special

Algebra Level 5

I have a set of consecutive natural numbers: B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , , 1728 } B=\{1,2,3,\ldots,1728\} . The sum of products of elements of B B taken 2 or more at a time is equals to 1729 ! a 1729! - a . Find the sum of digits of a a .


The answer is 37.

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1 solution

Adarsh Kumar
Jul 17, 2015

Motivation : \text{Motivation}: As soon as I saw that we had to find the sum of products of 2 2 , 3 3 ..... 1728 1728 elements of set B B ,the first thing that struck me was using polynomials to solve this problem,as in a polynomial,the co-efficients are like that. Method : \text{Method}: We first define a monic polynomial p ( x ) p(x) which has roots 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . . . 1727 , 1728 1,2,3,.....1727,1728 ,hence p ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) . . . . ( x 1728 ) = x 1728 x 1727 ( s u m o f r o o t s ) + x 1726 ( s u m o f p r o d u c t o f r o o t s t a k e n t w o a t a t i m e ) . . . . + 1728 ! p(x)=(x-1)(x-2)....(x-1728)\\ =x^{1728}-x^{1727}(sum\ of\ roots)+x^{1726}(sum\ of\ product\ of\ roots\ taken\\ \ two\ at\ a\ time)-....+1728! ,now since we require the sum of co-efficients - the first two terms we put x = 1 x=-1 as then we will get the sum!Here,we have put x = 1 x=-1 instead of putting x = 1 x=1 as if we did the latter,we would not get the sum as there would be some - signs in between.Now,substitute x = 1 x=-1 to get, p ( x ) = 1729 ! p(x)=1729! but,as said before,we have to subtract the first two terms,then we have A n s w e r = 1729 ! ( 1 + 1728 × 1729 2 ) Answer=1729!-(1+\dfrac{1728\times 1729}{2}) from here we can easily find the answer.And done!

Moderator note:

A slightly simpler explanation would be to consider the expanded product:

( 1 + 1 ) ( 1 + 2 ) ( 1 + 3 ) ( 1 + 1728 ) (1+1)(1+2) (1+3) \ldots ( 1 + 1728)

An awesome solution!!!!!!!!

Harsh Shrivastava - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Thanks a lot buddy!

Adarsh Kumar - 5 years, 10 months ago

Solved the same way.Same motivation and idea.Upvoted +1

shivamani patil - 5 years, 10 months ago

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