The Bulging Box

Calculus Level 5

The volume of the region of space satisfying all of the following inequalities:

x 2 + y 2 1 x 2 + z 2 1 y 2 + z 2 1 \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2 &\le 1 \\ x^2+z^2 &\le 1 \\ y^2+z^2 &\le 1 \end{aligned}

can be written as a + b c a+b\sqrt{c} , where a , b , and c are integers, and c is positive and square-free. Find a + b + c a+b+c .


The answer is 10.

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2 solutions

Michael Mendrin
May 27, 2014

First, note that the square inscribed in an unit circle has side length 2 √2 . Thus, the cube inscribed in the solid as defined by the three inequality equations has volume 2 2 2√2 . Next, the six caps making up the rest of the volume have a total volume as found by integration: 6 1 2 1 ( 2 1 z 2 ) 2 d z = 16 10 2 6\int _{ \dfrac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } }^{ 1 }{ { (2\sqrt { 1-{ z }^{ 2 } } ) }^{ 2 }dz } =16-10\sqrt { 2 }

Thus, the total volume is exactly 16 8 2 16-8\sqrt { 2 }

and so a + b + c = 16 8 + 2 = 10 a + b + c = 16 - 8 + 2 = 10

Steven Zheng
Aug 3, 2014

We can even use the prismoid formula, provided that we dissected this solid correctly: one central cube and six "lids". Due to symmetry, if we draw the cross section, we will discover that the cube has side length r 2 r \sqrt { 2 } . The volume of each lid is h 6 ( 0 + r 2 ( 5 2 2 ) + 2 r 2 ) , \frac { h }{ 6 } \left( 0+{ r }^{ 2 }\left( \frac { 5 }{ 2 } -\sqrt { 2 } \right) +2{ r }^{ 2 } \right) , where h = r ( 1 2 2 ) h = r\left(1-\frac{\sqrt 2}{2}\right) .

Adding the volumes of the cube with six times the lid yields ( 16 8 2 ) r 3 (16-8\sqrt{2}){r}^{3} .

I skipped the geometric steps due to the lack of a diagram, but it takes about one page to show.

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