The volume of the region of space satisfying all of the following inequalities:
x 2 + y 2 x 2 + z 2 y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1 ≤ 1 ≤ 1
can be written as a + b c , where a , b , and c are integers, and c is positive and square-free. Find a + b + c .
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We can even use the prismoid formula, provided that we dissected this solid correctly: one central cube and six "lids". Due to symmetry, if we draw the cross section, we will discover that the cube has side length r 2 . The volume of each lid is 6 h ( 0 + r 2 ( 2 5 − 2 ) + 2 r 2 ) , where h = r ( 1 − 2 2 ) .
Adding the volumes of the cube with six times the lid yields ( 1 6 − 8 2 ) r 3 .
I skipped the geometric steps due to the lack of a diagram, but it takes about one page to show.
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First, note that the square inscribed in an unit circle has side length √ 2 . Thus, the cube inscribed in the solid as defined by the three inequality equations has volume 2 √ 2 . Next, the six caps making up the rest of the volume have a total volume as found by integration: 6 ∫ 2 1 1 ( 2 1 − z 2 ) 2 d z = 1 6 − 1 0 2
Thus, the total volume is exactly 1 6 − 8 2
and so a + b + c = 1 6 − 8 + 2 = 1 0