The Closed Form Still Exists!

Calculus Level 2

We know that the geometric progression sum of

1 x + x 2 x 3 + x 4 1 - x + x^2 - x^3 + x^4 - \cdots

can be written as 1 1 + x \dfrac1{1+x} , where 1 < x < 1 -1<x<1 .

If we integrate each of these terms with respect to x x , we get the series below. Which of the following is equivalent to the series below?

x 1 2 x 2 + 1 3 x 3 1 4 x 4 + 1 5 x 5 x -\dfrac12 x^2 + \dfrac13x^3 - \dfrac14 x^4 + \dfrac15x^5 - \cdots

Assume we ignore the arbitrary constant of integration .

ln x \ln \mid x\mid 2 ln x 2 \ln\mid x\mid ln 1 x \ln \mid 1- x\mid ln 1 + x \ln \mid1+x\mid

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1 solution

Kexin Zheng
Jun 25, 2016

Relevant wiki: Integration of Rational Functions

Since the sum is 1 1 + x \frac{1}{1+x} we can simply integrate this expression to get our answer: ln 1 + x \ln{|1+x|}

Not nec. Do you know the conditions under which a n = a n \sum \int a_n = \int \sum a_n ? We are doing an interchange order of limits here.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 11 months ago

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