The disphenoid

Geometry Level 5

P ( x ) = x 3 17 x 2 + 93 x 161 \large { P(x) = x^3 - 17x^2 + 93x - 161 }

Find the closed form of the volume of the disphenoid whose edge lengths are the roots of the polynomial above.

GIve your answer to 3 decimal places.

Definition : A disphenoid is a non-regular tetrahedron whose faces have the same perimeter/area, and thus consist of congruent triangles.

Disphenoid Disphenoid

Try this easier problem.


The answer is 10.544.

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1 solution

Efren Medallo
Jul 19, 2016

A disphenoid is a non regular triangular pyramid whose faces (including the base) consist of congruent triangles.

The formula for the volume V V of disphenoid given its edge lengths a a , b b , and c c is:

V = ( a 2 + b 2 c 2 ) ( a 2 b 2 + c 2 ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 72 V\: = \: \sqrt{ \frac{ (a^2 \:+\: b^2 \:- \:c^2)(a^2\: -\: b^2 \:+ \:c^2)(-a^2\:+\:b^2\:+\:c^2)}{72}}

However, this demands the values of the edge lengths to be known.

A more creative alternative to that would be using Heron's Formula, Newton's Sums, and this relationship

16 A 2 R 2 = ( a b c ) 2 + 9 V 2 16A^2R^2 \: = \: (abc)^2 \: + \: 9V^2

where

A = area of each face

R = radius of the sphere circumscribing the disphenoid

V = volume of the disphenoid

To find A A , we use Heron's.

A = s ( s a ) ( s b ) ( s c ) A \: = \: \sqrt {s(s\:-\:a)(s\:-\:b)(s\:-\:c)}

which again, demands the knowledge of the values of the side lengths. However, notice that these side lengths are the zeroes of the polynomial P ( x ) P(x) . We could use that to our advantage and the formula becomes

A = s P ( s ) A \: = \: \sqrt{ s\cdot P(s) }

where s s , by the way, is half the negative of the coefficient of x 2 x^2 . (Do you see why?)

For that we get A = 2091 16 A = \sqrt{ \frac{ 2091}{16}} .

Now, the formula for the circumradius is

R = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 8 R \: = \: \sqrt{\frac{a^2 \: + \:b^2 \: + \: c^2}{8}}

which we can obtain using Newton's sums.

From that, we get,

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 17 ( 17 ) 2 ( 93 ) a^2 \: + \: b^2 \: + \: c^2 \: = \: 17(17) \: - \: 2(93)

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 103 a^2 \: + \: b^2 \: + \: c^2 \: =\: 103

So, we get R = 103 8 R \: = \: \sqrt {\frac{103}{8}} .

Now, we're all set to find the volume!

V 2 = 16 A 2 R 2 ( a b c ) 2 9 V^2 \: = \: \frac{16A^2 R^2 \: - \: (abc)^2 }{9}

Substituting the values, we get

V 2 = 8005 72 V^2 \: = \: \frac{8005}{72}

and V = 10.544 V =\large \boxed{10.544} .

Well, you can do this the "boring" way: determining the roots of the polynomial then proceeding to substitution. But I recommend otherwise!

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